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 rank with the insignia of the Bath. An account of the ceremony is given in the ‘Times,’ 25 June 1856. In 1857 he was made K.P., being the first knight of the order not holding an Irish peerage. In 1859 he was made a privy councillor; in 1861 G.C.S.I.; the same year he was made honorary colonel London Irish rifle volunteers. On 9 Nov. 1862 he became field-marshal.

Gough, a man of singularly noble presence, is said to have commanded in more general actions than any British officer of the century, the Duke of Wellington excepted. His courage, his innate chivalry, his racy brogue, were all elements of popularity with his soldiers, and their opinion of their chief was endorsed by Sir Charles Napier, who when he took over his command wrote of him: ‘Every one who knows Lord Gough must love the brave old warrior, who is all honour and nobleness of heart … Were his military genius as great as his heart, the duke would be nowhere by comparison’ (Life and Opinions, iii. 185).

Gough married in 1807 Frances Maria, daughter of General E. Stevens, royal artillery, and by her, who died in 1863, had a son, the second viscount, and four daughters. Gough died at his seat, St. Helens, near Booterstown, co. Dublin, on 2 March 1869, in the ninetieth year of his age.

[Foster's Peerage, under ‘Gough;’ Webb's Compendium of Irish Biog.; Philippart's Royal Mil. Cal. 1820; Hart's Army Lists; Cannon's Hist. Rec. 87th Fusiliers; Napier's Hist. Peninsular War; Phillimore's Life of Admiral Sir William Parker; The War in India, Desp. &c., London, 1846; W. Broadfoot's Career of Major Geo. Broadfoot, C.B., London, 1888, chaps. x.–xvi., and latter portion of annotated list of authorities prefixed to that work; P. R. Innes's Hist. Bengal European Regiment, now Roy. Munster Fusiliers, London, 1885, under dates 1845–9; E. J. Thackwell's Narrative of the Second Sikh War, London, 1851; Lawr. Shadwell's Life of Lord Clyde, London, 1881, vol. i. chaps. iv–vi.; Macpherson's Rambling Reminiscences of the Punjab Campaign, 1848–9, London, 1889; Parl. Debates, 1842–9; Hist. Indian Administration of Lord Ellenborough, London, 1854; Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles Napier, London, 1856; Ann. Regs. 1841–69; Times, 3 March and (will) 8 May 1869; private information.]  GOUGH, GOWGHE, GOWGH, or GOUGE, JOHN (fl. 1528–1556), printer, stationer, and translator, first lived in Cheapside, next to Paul's Gate, possibly in the house of John Rastell; he afterwards moved into Lombard Street, using the sign of the mermaid in both places. There is no foundation for the story that he was servant or apprentice to Wynkyn de Worde. In 1528 he got into trouble in connection with Garrett and the circulation of Lutheran books (letter of Bishop of London to Wolsey, 15 March 1528, in, Acts and Monuments, 1846, vol. v. App.) The first books known to have issued from his press were a ‘Prymer of Salisbery use,’ two editions; Tindal's ‘Newe Testament,’ 4to (but this is doubtful); and the ‘Dore of Holy Scripture,’ 12mo, all in 1536. Another edition of the last work appeared in 1540, containing on the back of the title the king's license to Gough to print any book by him ‘new begon, translated, or compiled.’ Gough supplied a short preface to the work, which is the prologue to Wycliffe's translation of the Bible. On 8 Jan. 1541 he ‘was sent to the Flytt for pryntyng and selling of sedycyous books’ (Proc. of Privy Council, 1837, vii. 110). In the same year Foxe states that ‘Gough the stationer,’ under the statute of six articles, was ‘troubled for resorting unto’ a priest (Acts and Monuments, 1846, v. 448).

He issued about fifteen books in all, among them the earliest treatise on bookkeeping in English, ‘A profitable treatyce called the instrument or boke to learne the kepyng of the famouse reconyng called in Latyn Dare et Habere, and in Englyshe, Debitor and Creditor,’ London, 1543, 4to. John Mayler, James Nicolson, and others printed for him. The latest date of his imprint occurs in 1543. The name of a John Gough appears in the first charter of the Company of Stationers in 1556 (, Transcript, i. xxviii, xxxiii).

[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), i. 491–9, ib. (Dibdin), iii. 402–16; Cotton's Editions of the Bible, 1852; Cat. of Books in Brit. Mus. printed before 1640, 1814, 3 vols. 8vo.]  GOUGH, JOHN (fl. 1570), divine, who seems not to have been of any university, was ordained deacon by Grindal, bishop of London, 14 Jan. 1559–60. On 15 Nov. 1560 he was admitted rector of St. Peter, Cornhill, London, of which he was deprived for nonconformity in 1567. He published ‘A Godly Boke wherein is conteyned certayne fruitefull, godlye, and necessarye Rules to bee exercised & put in practise by all Christes Souldiers lyvnge in the campe of this worlde,’ 8vo, London, 1561, also a ‘Sermon’ preached in the Tower of London 15 Jan. 1570, to which John Feckenham, sometime abbot of Westminster [q. v.], published ‘Objections,’ which produced an answer from Gough and from Laurence Tomson.

He is to be distinguished from John Gough (d. 1545?), a Cambridge man (B.A. 1524–5, M.A. 1528, B.D. 1535, D.D. 1537), who, on the erection of the cathedral church of Bristol, by charter 4 June 1542, was constituted one