Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 22.djvu/113

 , now known as Gonville and Caius College, that Gonvile is most celebrated. In 1348 he obtained from Edward III permission to establish a college in Lurteburgh Lane, now known as Freeschool Lane, on the site afterwards occupied by Corpus Christi College. It was officially called the Hall of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, but was commonly and more familiarly known as Gonville or Gunnell Hall. The statutes which he provided for his foundation are still extant. According to this design his college was to represent the usual course of study included in the ‘Trivium’ and ‘Quadrivium,’ as the basis of an almost exclusively theological training. Each of the fellows was required to have studied, read, and lectured in logic, but on the completion of his course in arts theology was to form the main subject, his studies being also directed with a view to enabling him to keep his acts and dispute with ability in the schools. The unanimous consent of the master and fellows was necessary before he could apply himself to any other faculty. That is, as Mr. Mullinger shows—from whom this statement is taken—Gonvile's first thought was for theology and the training of a learned priesthood. This falls in with what little we can otherwise infer of his character as a pious country clergyman. If this was his intention, however, it was not altogether adhered to. Gonvile died before his foundation could be carried out, and left his work in the hands of William Bateman, bishop of Norwich. It does not, of course, lie within the scope of this notice to trace the fortunes of the college, but it may be remarked that Bateman, besides changing the locality of the college from Freeschool Lane to its present site, made considerable alterations in the statutes, and conformed them more closely to those of his own foundation, Trinity Hall. The alteration was mainly shown in the comparatively greater importance assigned to the study of the civil and canon law as against that of theology. The college retained popularly the name of Gonville Hall until the new charter for the enlarged foundation of Dr. (1510–1573) [q. v.], granted in 1558. The original patent granted to Gonvile, dated Westminster, 28 Jan. 22 Edward III, is printed in ‘Documents relating to the University and Colleges of Cambridge,’ 1852; as are also the earliest statutes granted to the college by [q. v.] bishop of Norwich.

The exact date of Gonvile's death is not known, but it must have been some time in 1351. The last actual mention of him is on 20 March 1350–1, and his successor at Terrington was instituted 18 Oct. 1351. The family became extinct in the male line in the third generation following.

 GOOCH, BENJAMIN (fl. 1775), surgeon, was probably the son of Benjamin Gooch (d. 1728), rector of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and his wife Anne Phyllis (d. 1701). He practised chiefly at Shottisham in Norfolk. He was appointed surgeon to the infirmary there by the founder, William Fellowes. In 1758 he published ‘Cases and Practical Remarks in Surgery,’ 8vo, London; re-issued as ‘A Practical Treatise on Wounds and other Chirurgical Subjects; to which is prefixed a short Historical Account of … Surgery and Anatomy,’ 2 vols. 8vo, Norwich, 1767. An appendix was called ‘Medical and Chirurgical Observations,’ 8vo, Lond., 1773. A collective edition of his works appeared in 3 vols. 8vo, Lond., 1792. On 9 Oct. 1771 Gooch was chosen consulting surgeon to the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital. At the request of Hayter, bishop of Norwich, he visited before 1759 all the great hospitals in London in order to observe their working, and his reports were of te greated service to the committee of for the Norfolk Hospital. Some surgical cases communicated by him to the Royal Society are in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ (vols. lix. lxv.).

 GOOCH, DANIEL (1816–1889), railway pioneer and inventor, born 24 Aug. 1816, was third son of John Gooch (1783–1833) of Bedlington, Northumberland, by his wife Anna, daughter of Thomas Longridge of Newcastle-on-Tyne. At Birkinshaw's ironworks in his native village of Bedlington, Gooch acquired as a child his first knowledge of engineering. He there met George Stephenson, who was well acquainted with Birkinshaw. His apprenticeship as a practical engineer was served in the Forth Street works of Stephenson and Pease in Newcastle. In 1837, when aged twenty-one, he was appointed locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway, on the recommendation of [q. v.], the engineer. He held this post for twenty-seven years. Gooch took advantage of the space allowed by the broad gauge, adopted by Brunel, to design locomotives on boldly original lines. His engines attained a speed and safety not previously deemed 