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 Assertion of the true Catholick Faith, touching the most blessed Sacrament of the Aulter; with a Confutation of a Book written against the same,’ Rouen, 12mo, 1551; also, with Archbishop Cranmer's answer, fol. London, 1551. 7. ‘Palinodia Libri de Vera Obedientia; Confutatio cavillationum quibus Eucharistiæ sacramentum ab impiis Capharnaitis impeti solet,’ Paris, 4to, 1552; also Lovanii, 1554. 8. ‘Contra Convitia Martini Buceri,’ Lovanii, 1554. 9. ‘Exetasis Testimoniorum quæ M. Bucerus minus genuine e S. patribus non sancte edidit de Cœlibatus dono,’ 4to, Lovanii, 1554. 10. ‘Epistolæ ad J. Checum de Pronuntiatione Linguæ Græcæ,’ 8vo, Basel, 1555. 11. Sermon preached before Edward VI, 29 June 1548. In English in Foxe's ‘Acts and Monuments.’

The library of Corpus Christi College in Cambridge also contains the following manuscripts (in the Parker collection), most of which are still unprinted: Vol. cxiii. No. 34, tractate against Bucer, maintaining the assertion ‘Contemptum humanæ legis justa autoritate latæ gravius et severius vindicandum quam divinæ legis qualemcunque transgressionem.’ Vol. cxxvii. (entitled ‘Quæ concernunt Gardinerum’) contains (No. 5) his sermon before King Edward (29 June 1548), giving his opinion on the state of religion in England, maintaining the doctrines of the real presence and clerical celibacy, but approving the renunciation of the papal power and the dissolution of the monasteries; (9) examination of witnesses in articles exhibited against him; (11) articles exhibited by him in his own defence before the judges delegate; (12) his ‘Protestatio’ against the authority of the same judges; (16, pp. 167–249) his ‘Exercitationes,’ or metrical Latin compositions, with which he is said to have beguiled the tedium of his confinement in the Tower. In Lambeth Library there is a manuscript in his hand, ‘Annotationes in dialogum Johannis Œcolampadii cum suo Nathanaele de Mysterio Eucharistico disceptantis.’

[State Papers; Calendars of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, ed. Brewer and Gairdner, with prefaces to same; J. S. Brewer's Reign of Henry VIII to the Death of Wolsey, 2 vols., 1884; Dr. S. R. Maitland's Essays on the Reformation in England, 1849; N. Pocock's Records of the Reformation, 2 vols., 1870; Foxe's Acts and Monuments of the Christian Martyrs, ed. Cattley, 8 vols.; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 139–40; J. B. Mullinger's Hist. of the University of Cambridge, ii. 58–63; R. W. Dixon's Hist. of the Church of England from the Abolition of the Roman Jurisdiction, 3 vols., 1878–84; Burnet, Lingard, Froude, &c.] 

GARDINER, THOMAS (fl. 1516), a monk of Westminster, probably died before the dissolution of the monastery, as his name is not among the signatures of the deed of renunciation (1540). He wrote a chronicle of English history from Brutus to the seventh year of Henry VIII, entitled ‘The Flowers of England,’ but the manuscript, which is among the Cotton MSS. (Otho C. vi.), has been so injured by fire as to be illegible.

[Holinshed, iii. 1590; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 309.] 

GARDINER, THOMAS (1591–1652), recorder of London and royalist, born in 1591, was third son of Michael Gardiner, rector of Littlebury, Essex, and Greenford, Middlesex, by Margaret, daughter of Thomas Brown, a merchant tailor of London (Visitation of London, 1633–5, Harl. Soc., i. 299). He was at one time ‘of Clifford's Inn;’ was (15 May 1610) admitted a student of the Inner Temple; was called to the bar in 1618, and on 18 Sept. 1621 was granted permission to read as a visitor in the Bodleian Library Oxford (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., i. 282). He became a bencher of his inn in 1635, and was both autumn reader and treasurer in 1639. On 25 Jan. 1635–6 he was sworn recorder of the city of London. In 1638 he recommended the collection of ship-money, and showed himself henceforth a warm adherent of the court party. A certificate of his return to the Short parliament, dated 28 April 1640, as member for Callington, Cornwall, is extant among the House of Lords MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. 25). He was a candidate for the representation of the city of London in the Long parliament, but was defeated at the poll. Had he been elected, the court party, according to Clarendon, had resolved to nominate him for the speakership. Clarendon (Hist. of Rebellion, iii. 1) describes him at the period as ‘a man of gravity and quickness that had somewhat of authority and gracefulness in his person and presence, and in all respects equal to the service.’ In spite of the growing divergence between Gardiner's political views and those of his city friends he was admitted to the freedom of the city (6 Oct. 1640). When Charles I visited the city on 25 Nov. 1641, Gardiner was knighted, and his speech specially commended by the king. In the following month, acting in alliance with the lord mayor, Sir Richard Gurney, he angrily denounced as illegal a petition circulated for signature in the court of common council against the right of the bishops and catholic lords to vote in the House of Lords. When the attorney-general, Sir Edward Herbert, was impeached (January 1641–