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 1750, 8vo (the reference is to the ‘Young Pretender’). 10. ‘The Devout Laugh,’ &c., 1750, 8vo. 11. ‘Natural and Revealed Religion at Variance,’ &c., 1758, 8vo (against Thomas Sherlock). 12. ‘A Letter to the Rev. John Stevens,’ &c., 1760, 8vo. 13. ‘The Pædo-Baptist's sense of Positive Institutions,’ &c., n.d. 8vo. 14. ‘Grammatical Observations on the English Language,’ &c., 1765, 8vo. 15. ‘A few Strictures relative to the Author,’ prefixed to ‘An Enquiry,’ &c., 1776, 8vo, by Paul Cardale [q. v.] 16. ‘Two Discourses,’ &c., 1778, 8vo. Some of Cardale's anonymous pieces have sometimes been ascribed to Fleming. He edited many works by divines and others, including the first volume (1756) of Amory's ‘Life of John Buncle.’

[Fleming left memoirs, which were to have been published by Joseph Lomas Towers (son of Dr. Towers), who died insane in 1832. A memoir was drawn up by Fleming's nephew, J. Slipper, corrected by Laurence Holden, and published in the Monthly Repository, 1818, p. 409 sq.; Kippis's Life of Lardner, 1769, p. 96; Palmer's Funeral Sermon, 1779; Aikin's Gen. Biog. art. ‘Fleming;’ Wilson's Dissenting Churches, 1808, i. 103, ii. 91, 255, 283 sq., iii. 384; Turner's Lives of Eminent Unitarians, 1840, i. 275 sq.; Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund, 1885, qpp. 2, 165 sq.; Fleming's tracts; and a collection of his manuscript sermons in the possession of the present writer.]  FLEMING, CHRISTOPHER (1800–1880), surgeon, was born at Boardstown in co. Westmeath on 14 July 1800, and in 1821 graduated B.A. in the university of Dublin. He became a licentiate of the Irish College of Surgeons in 1824, and a member in 1826. In 1838 he took an M.D. degree in the university of Dublin, but did not obtain a hospital appointment till 1851, when he became surgeon to the House of Industry Hospitals. In 1856 he was elected president of the College of Surgeons of Ireland, and in 1877 collected some papers which he had previously published in medical journals into a volume entitled ‘Clinical Records of Injuries and Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs.’ His only other work is ‘Remarks on the Application of Chloroform to Surgical purposes,’ Dublin, 1851, and both are without permanent value. He married a Miss Radcliff, and had seven children, of whom a son and a daughter survived him. He retired from practice a few years before his death, and went to live at Donnybrook, near Dublin, where he died 30 Dec. 1880.

[Sir A. Cameron's Hist. of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; British Medical Journal, 8 Jan. 1881; Index Cat. of Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, U.S. Army.]  FLEMING, DANIEL (1633–1701), antiquary, eldest son of William Fleming of Coniston, North Lancashire, and Rydal, Westmoreland, by Alice, eldest daughter of Roger Kirkby of Kirkby, Lancashire, was born on 25 July 1633, and educated at Queen's College, Oxford, which he entered in 1650, and Gray's Inn. By the death of his father in 1653 he inherited considerable estates in the neighbourhood of Rydal, for which he paid heavy fines to the parliament. At the Restoration he was appointed sheriff of Cumberland. He was a constant correspondent of Secretary Williamson, and his letters in the Record Office, some of which have been calendared, afford a lively picture of the state of affairs in Cumberland and Westmoreland during the latter half of the seventeenth century, and exhibit him as a staunch supporter of the church of England, and enemy alike of the protestant dissenter and the Roman catholic. He regretted the release of George Fox in 1666 as likely to discourage the justices from acting against the quakers, and credited to the full the reports of their burning ‘steeple houses.’ He was knighted on 15 May 1681 at Windsor, and in the parliament of 1685–1687 sat as member for Cockermouth, in which character he opposed the declaration of indulgence. He occupied his leisure in antiquarian researches, chiefly in connection with his native county, and left some manuscript collections, which have recently been edited for the Cumberland and Westmoreland Antiquarian Society under the title ‘Description of the County of Westmoreland,’ by Sir G. F. Duckett, bart., London, 1882, 8vo. He died in 1701. He is said by Wotton (Baronetage, iv. 120) to have been, ‘not without grateful acknowledgment, a considerable assistant to the learned annotator of Camden's “Britannia.”’ No such acknowledgment, however, is to be found in the preface to Gibson's edition of Camden, which must be the one referred to. It was at Fleming's suggestion that Thomas Brathwaite left his collection of upwards of three hundred coins of the Roman era to the university of Oxford. Fleming married in 1655 Barbara, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Fletcher of Hutton, Cumberland, who was slain at Rowton Heath on the side of the king in 1645. His eldest son, William, created a baronet 4 Oct. 1705, died in 1736, and was succeeded by his brother George, bishop of Carlisle, who is separately noticed.

[Nicolson and Burn's Westmoreland, i. 164–71; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1660–7; Luttrell's Relation of State Affairs, i. 93; Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. App. pt. iv.; Lists of Members of Parliament (Official Return of).] 