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 his secretaryship, and expressed a strong wish never to hold office again. His business affairs called him to America, and his passage was taken, when Lord Grey by a most urgent written entreaty induced him to accept the secretaryship at war with a seat in the cabinet, which he held till Lord Melbourne's resignation in December 1834 (original letter of Earl Grey, dated Downing Street, 27 March 1833). While secretary at war he had urged strongly that appointments in the army should be made directly by the secretary, so as to secure responsibility to parliament; but in this he was steadily opposed by the Duke of Wellington. From 1834 he never held office again, but continued the confidential adviser of liberal governments till his death. His advice in general was for liberals to resign rather than be turned out; and when in opposition, not to be in a hurry to turn out a conservative government. He was influential in forming many ministries, especially Lord Melbourne's second administration. In 1834, while the committee appointed to consider Whittle Harvey's claims to be called to the bar was sitting, he was charged with having employed public funds for election purposes in 1832. The charge, however, was refuted (, 21 and 23 July 1834); he had found large sums for the election from his own private fortune upon the failure of party funds (Greville Memoirs, 1st ser. iii. 112). In 1836 he was chiefly instrumental in founding the Reform Club, of which he was the first chairman. After the Reform Bill of 1832 he was opposed to further organic change, and condemned Lord John Russell's proposals for further reform. Though he did not agree with Palmerston's foreign policy, especially in 1840, when he and other whigs misled Guizot into supposing that his policy in the East would not be interfered with by England, he supported him as premier. He was intimate with many leading French politicians, especially with Guizot, Thiers, Prosper Mérimée, and Madame de Lieven. In April 1836 he was in Paris, privately urging the French government to send an armed force into Spain, and again in January 1837, after a visit to America, intriguing to set up Thiers against the government of M. Molé (Raikes's Journal, ii. 353; Greville Memoirs, 3rd ser. iii. 379). In 1855 he was a member of Roebuck's committee to inquire into the administration of the Crimean war; and in 1857 of the Hudson's Bay committee, before which he was also a witness. He was universally known by the nickname, probably invented by Brougham, of 'the Bear' — 'for his wiliness,' says Carlyle (, Reminiscences, ed, C. Norton, i. 207), 'rather than for any trace of ferocity,' really from his connection with the north-west fur trade. He was a most hospitable and disinterested man, and never sought anything from governments. He declined even the peerage which was the obvious reward of his great party services, and probably the sole acquisition of his political life was the silver inkstand which he retained in accordance with the custom of the time when he gave up the office of secretary at war. Though little of a student, he was well informed, a ready speaker, but not easily stirred to speak, an excellent whip, exempt from the social prejudices of the whigs, popular with the House of Commons, sagacious, and independent. 'Il était,' says P. Mérimée, 'l'un des plus parfaits modèles du gentleman de la vieille roche.' Politics cost him large sacrifices, for he was a busy and successful merchant; the first to pass from the counting-house to the cabinet. He inherited large landed estates in Canada and in the state of New York, and was in early life practically engaged in colonising them. He entertained at Glenquoich in Inverness with a profuse but delightful hospitality, sometimes having more than a thousand guests in a year. He was made a D.C.L. of St. Andrews, and was appointed a deputy-lieutenant of Invernessshire in 1862. He presided at a public dinner at Inverness held to celebrate the completion of the northern railways on 10 Sept. 1863, and was found dead in his bed at Ardochy, on his estate of Glengarry, from heart disease on 17 Sept., in the following week. He was buried on 23 Sept. at Torr-na-Cairidh, a mound at the end of Loch Garry. His portrait is in the Reform Club.

 ELLICE, EDWARD, the younger (1810–1880), politician, only son of the Right Hon. Edward Ellice [q. v.], and of his first wife, Lady Hannah Althea Bettesworth, sister of the second Earl Grey, was born in London 19 Aug. 1810. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was admitted M.A., without previous degree, as eldest grandson of Earl Grey, 2 May 1831. In 1832 he went to Russia in the