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Drummond p. 105). Towards the end of March 1678 he, along with the Duke of Hamilton and others, made a journey to court in order to represent the grievances of the country to the king (, ii. 449, 453). In 1684 he was appointed general of the ordnance. On the accession of James II the following year he was nominated lieutenant-general of the forces in Scotland, and a lord of the treasury. In April 1684, on the resignation of his brother David, third baron Maderty, ‘to save expences,’ he succeeded to that title (, Historical Notices, Bannatyne Club, ii. 535), and was created Viscount of Strathallan and Baron Drummond of Cromlix, by patent 6 Sept. 1686. In March 1686 he accompanied the Duke of Hamilton and Sir George Lockhart to Westminster to confer with the king, who had proposed that, while full liberty should be granted to the Roman catholics in Scotland, the persecution of the covenanters should go on without mitigation. Drummond, although a loose and profane man, ‘ambitious and covetous,’ had yet sufficient sense of honour to restrain him from public apostasy. In the significant phrase of a relative, he lived and died ‘a bad christian but a good protestant.’ On returning to Edinburgh he joined with his colleagues in declaring that he could not do what the king asked (, ''Hist. of England'', vol. ii. ch. vi. pp. 117, 121). He died at the end of March (not January) 1688 (, Relation of State Affairs, 1857, i. 436), and was buried at Innerpeffray on 4 April, aged 70. His funeral sermon by Principal Alexander Monro of Edinburgh contains many interesting details of his life. After his return to Scotland he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Archibald Johnston, lord Warriston, and widow of Thomas Hepburn of Humbie, Haddingtonshire. By this lady, who was buried at St. George's, Southwark, in 1679, he had one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Thomas, sixth earl of Kinnoull, and a son William, second viscount of Strathallan. The latter died 7 July 1702. Drummond's male line failed on the death of his grandson William, third viscount, 26 May 1711, at the age of sixteen. Drummond, who had ‘a great measure of knowledge and learning’ (, i. 416), drew up in 1681 a valuable history of his family, a hundred copies of which were privately printed by David Laing, 4to, Edinburgh, 1831 (, ''Bibl. Manual'', ed. Bohn, ii. 677). A few of his letters to Glencairn, Tweeddale, Lauderdale, and Lady Lauderdale, are preserved among the Additional MSS. in the British Museum (''Addit. MS''. 4156; ''Index to Cat. of Additions to the MSS''. 1854–75, p. 447).

[Douglas's Peerage of Scotland (Wood), ii. 551–2; Malcolm's Memoir of the House of Drummond, pp. 101–3; Monro's Sermons, 8vo, London, 1693, pp. 476–502; Patrick Gordon's Diary (Spalding Club), passim; Diaries of the Lairds of Brodie (Spalding Club); Burton's Hist. of Scotland, 2nd ed. vii. 69; Lauder's Historical Notices of Scottish Affairs (Bannatyne Club); Lauder's Historical Observes of Memorable Occurrents (Bannatyne Club); Wodrow's Church of Scotland, ed. Burns, iv.]  DRUMMOND, WILLIAM, fourth (1690–1746), Jacobite, born in 1690, was the fourth but eldest surviving son of Sir John Drummond, knt., of Machany, Perthshire, by his wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir William Stewart, knt., of Innernytie. His father, grandson of the Hon. Sir James Drummond of Machany, second son of James Drummond, first lord Maderty [q. v.], and colonel of the Perthshire foot in the ‘engagement’ to rescue Charles I in 1648, was outlawed in 1690 for his attachment to the house of Stuart. On 26 May 1711 Drummond succeeded his cousin William as fourth Viscount of Strathallan. He was among the first to engage in the rising of 1715, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Sheriffmuir, 13 Nov. of that year, and carried to Stirling, but under the act of grace passed in 1717 was not subjected to prosecution or forfeiture at that time (, History of the Highlands, ed. 1845, ii. 326, 355). In 1745, within a fortnight after Prince Charles Edward raised his standard at Glenfinnan, Drummond joined him with reinforcements at Perth, and was left commander-in-chief of the prince's forces in Scotland when the latter marched into England. At the battle of Culloden, 14 April 1746, he commanded with Lord Pitsligo the Perth squadron in the second line of the highland army (ib. iii. 242), and was unhorsed at the final charge of the English forces. Endeavouring to remount with the assistance of a servant, he was run through the body by an officer of dragoons, and died soon afterwards (, Rebellion of 1745–6, ed. 1869, p. 311 n.) Bishop Forbes states that the officer was Colonel Howard, whom Drummond, ‘resolving to die in the field rather than by the hand of the executioner,’ had purposely attacked (Jacobite Memoirs, ed. Chambers, p. 296). He had married (contract dated 1 Nov. 1712) Margaret, eldest daughter of Margaret, baroness Nairne, and Lord William Murray, whose devotion to the cause of the chevalier led to her imprisonment in the castle of Edinburgh from 11 Feb. to 22 Nov. 1746 (, Memoirs of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. p. 152), and by her had seven sons and six daughters. She died at