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 is very pronounced. Yet sonnets like those on ‘Sleep’ and the ‘Nightingale’ possess enough natural grace and feeling to give them immortality, and borrowed conceits are often so cleverly handled by Drummond that he deserves more praise than their inventor. His madrigals show a rare command of difficult metres, but are less sprightly than could be wished. The elegy on Prince Henry, which has been compared with ‘Lycidas,’ is solemnly pathetic. Drummond anticipated Milton in using the metre of the ‘Hymn of the Nativity.’ The prose of ‘The Cypresse-Grove’ is majestic and suggests Sir Thomas Browne, but the historical and political tracts are not noticeable for their style. Drummond's political epigrams and satires are dull and often pointless.

[The Life of Drummond by Professor Masson (1873) is an elaborate monograph on the poet's literary and political position and influence. See also Archæologia Scotica, iv.; memoirs prefixed to the 1711 edition of Drummond's Works, and to the 1894 edition of the Poems; Corser's Collectanea Anglo-Poetica.] 

DRUMMOND, WILLIAM, first (1617?–1688), royalist general, was the fifth and youngest son of John Drummond, second Baron Maderty, by his wife, Helen, eldest daughter of Patrick Lesly, commendator of Lindores. His father was among the first of the nobility who joined the Marquis of Montrose at Bothwell after the battle of Kilsyth in 1645, for which he suffered imprisonment. Born in 1617 or 1618, Drummond was educated at the university of St. Andrews. From 1641 to 1645 he served with Colonel Robert Monro in Ireland, and subsequently with the latter's nephew, Sir George Monro, who succeeded to the Irish command. He was present when Sir George put the Marquis of Argyll to flight at Stirling in 1648. During the same year he again went over to Ireland and joined the Marquis of Ormonde, then in arms for the king. In 1648–9 he was in London. There, says Burnet, Drummond was recommended by some friends among the covenanters to Cromwell. He happened to hear Cromwell's discussion with the commissioners sent from Scotland to protest against putting the king to death, and he afterwards told Burnet that ‘Cromwell had plainly the better of them at their own weapon, and upon their own principles’ (Own Time, Oxford edition, i. 71–3). After witnessing the preparations for the execution of the king, the next day he joined Charles II in Holland. At the battle of Worcester in 1651, where he commanded a brigade, he was taken prisoner and carried to Windsor, but managed to escape and reach the king at Paris. He soon afterwards landed at Yarmouth, and contrived to reach Scotland disguised as a carrier, bearing with him the royal commission. He was with the royalists under the Earl of Glencairn in the highlands in 1653, where his kinsman, Andrew Drummond, brother of Sir James Drummond of Machanay, commanded a regiment of Athole-men, and continued in their ranks until they were dispersed by the parliamentary general, Morgan, at the end of 1654 (, i. 103–4). He now sought permission of Charles to enter the Muscovite service. Accordingly in August 1655 he accompanied his friend Thomas Dalyell [q. v.] to Russia (Egerton MS. 15856, f. 69 b), where he quickly gained the favour of the czar, Alexis Michaelovitch, and was appointed colonel, afterwards lieutenant-general, of the ‘strangers,’ and governor of Smolensko (ib. i. 368). There, as he himself says, he ‘served long in the wars at home and abroad against the Polonians and Tartars’ (Genealogie of the most Ancient House of Drummond). After the Restoration it was not without great difficulty that Charles prevailed on the czar to allow Drummond to leave his dominions. He returned to England in 1665, bringing with him a flattering testimonial of his services from Alexis (Addit. MS. 21408). In January 1666 the king appointed him major-general of the forces in Scotland, with a seat on the council (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1666–7, pp. 18, 575). He was thought to have become a severe disciplinarian; ‘he had yet too much of the air of Russia about him,’ says Burnet (i. 499). With Dalyell he was popularly supposed to have introduced torture by the thumbscrew, ‘having seen it in Moscovia’ (, Historical Notices of Scotch Affairs, Bannatyne Club, ii. 557). In 1667 he went to London to urge upon the king the necessity of a standing army and the harshest measures against the refusers of the declaration (, Church of Scotland, ed. Burns, ii. 81). Little accustomed to brook contradiction, he found himself in constant conflict with Lauderdale, who on 29 Sept. 1674 caused him to be imprisoned in Dumbarton Castle on a mere surmise of his having corresponded with some of the exiled covenanters in Holland (, ii. 270;, ii. 56–7; Addit. MS. 23137, f. 49). On being released by order dated 24 Feb. 1675–6 (, ii. 357), he was restored to his command, and between 1678 and 1681 received the honour of knighthood. He represented Perthshire in the parliament of 1669–74, in the convention of 1678, and in the parliaments of 1681–2 and 1685–6 (, Members of Parliament, Scotland, 2nd edition,