Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 16.djvu/394

 cellor (, iii. pt. i. 344), a post which he held for a little more than six years. At last, on 10 May 1366, he was elected by the royal desire to the archbishopric of Canterbury, on the death of Simon Islip; but his growing infirmities forbade his acceptance of it (, i. 19). He died the following autumn, the date being given in Langham's register as 8 Oct., but in the ‘Obituarium Cantuariense’ (, Anglia Sacra, i. 317) and the ‘Eulogium Historiarum’ a day earlier, while at Salisbury his ‘obit’ was kept on 11 Oct. (, l.c.) He was buried at Edington. He left his estate towards the continuation of the fabric of his cathedral and the completion of his chantry, but the amount was diminished by a claim for the dilapidations of the see, for which he was held responsible.

The name is spelled variously with i or y, t or d, with or without a g, and by Leland with an initial H.

[T. Rudborne's Hist. epit., in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 286; Successio Episcoporum Wintoniensium, ib. p. 317; Birchington's Vitæ Archiep. Cant. ib. p. 46; Eulogium Historiarum, iii. 240, ed. F. S. Haydon, Rolls Series, 1863; Murray's Handbook to the Cathedrals of England, Southern Division, pt. i. pp. 1–8, 46; Woodward's Hampshire, i. 67, 100 ff.] 

EDITH or EADGYTH, (962?–984), the daughter of King Eadgar and Wulfthryth (Wulfrid or Wulftrud), was born in 962 or late in 961. Her mother, though at that time not a professed nun, had worn the veil at Wilton before the king made her his mistress, and appears to have been united to him by ‘handfasting’ [see under ]. After the birth of her child she refused to yield to his wish that they should complete the contract by a regular marriage, and, taking her child with her according to custom, went back to Wilton, is said to have become abbess of the house (Monasticon, ii. 323, 324; but compare, Hist. Essays, 202), and lived there until her death. Eadgyth was therefore brought up at Wilton. She was a learned young lady, and early in life received the veil from Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester. When she was fifteen her father offered to make her abbess of three houses; but she refused, for she would not leave her mother. An illustration of the laxity which prevailed among such highborn nuns with regard to the rule of their order is afforded by the fact that the saintly Eadgyth would occasionally dress with great magnificence. On one occasion Æthelwold took her to task for this, but she answered the bishop by reminding him that St. Augustine had said that ‘pride could lurk even in rags.’ She built a church at Wilton dedicated to St. Dionysius, and is said to have been noted for her attachment to the sign of the cross. Archbishop Dunstan had warning of her approaching end, and attended her deathbed. She died on 16 Sept. 984, in her twenty-third year, and was buried by Dunstan in the church she had built. Thirteen years later Dunstan, finding that many miracles were worked at her tomb, caused it to be opened, and discovered certain parts of the saint's body undecayed. The saint, it is said, appeared to him and explained the special meaning of the miracle. In after years Cnut chanced to be at Wilton, and hating, it is said, the English saints, mocked at the reverence paid to St. Eadgyth, declaring that he would never believe in the sanctity of the daughter of Eadgar, a man ‘given up to vices and the slave of lust.’ Archbishop Æthelnoth reproved him for his impiety; but the king commanded the virgin's tomb to be opened, that he might see what proof of her holiness she could bring. On this being done the virgin seemed to the king as though she was about to fly upon him. He repented in great terror, and in every part of England her ‘day’ was kept with much reverence (Gesta Pontiff. 190).

[Gotselin's Vita S. Eadgithæ, Mabillon's Acta SS. sæc. v. 636 sq.; Florence of Worcester, sub an. 964 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum, c. 158 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Gesta Pontificum, 189, 190 (Rolls Ser.); Dugdale's Monasticon, ii. 316, 323 sq.; Kemble's Codex Dipl. 585; Robertson's Historical Essays, 176, 202.] 

EDITH or EADGYTH (d. 1075), queen of Eadward the Confessor, the eldest daughter, and probably the eldest child, of Godwine, earl of Wessex, and his wife Gytha (Vita Eadwardi, l. 294), was educated at the abbey of Wilton (ib. l. 488), and was married to the king in 1045. Although she is often described, after the old English custom, as the ‘Lady,’ she is also constantly styled queen, and it is expressly said that she was ‘hallowed’ as queen (A.-S. Chron., Peterborough, 1048 sq.). It is said that Eadward, from a religious motive, never had intercourse with her as a wife (, vii. c. 9;, 377, 378). A glowing account is given of her beauty, her piety, and her liberality. At the same time it is evident that she did not scruple to accept bribes to use her influence over the king, even in judicial cases (Historia Rames. p. 170), and she certainly behaved shabbily in a dispute she had with the abbot of Peterborough about the right to an estate (, Codex Dipl. 808, 908).