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 for the Times,’ No. 32, ‘On the standing ordinances of religion,’ but was never a prominent member of the (so-called) Tractarian party, though in his theological opinions he was more inclined to that school than to any other in the Anglican church. It is probable that certain peculiarities of manner, more than temper, prevented his being appreciated so much as his abilities, learning, and piety deserved. He died 14 Dec. 1885.



EDEN, EMILY (1797–1869), novelist and traveller, seventh daughter of, first baron Auckland [q. v.], was born in Old Palace Yard, Westminster, on 3 March 1797. In company with her sister, Frances Eden, she accompanied her brother, [q. v.], second baron Auckland, to India, and remained with him in that country during his term of office as governor-general from 1835 to 1842. After her return to England she published in 1844 ‘Portraits of the People and Princes of India,’ and in 1866 ‘Up the Country. Letters written to her Sister from the Upper Provinces of India by the Hon. Emily Eden.’ Other editions of this work appeared in 1867 and in 1872. In these volumes the visits between Lord Auckland and Runjeet Singh are recorded with minute particulars. As a novelist she brought out two works, which had a considerable sale, ‘The Semi-detached House, edited by Lady Theresa Lewis,’ 1859, and ‘The Semi-attached Couple, by E. E.,’ 1860. She also rendered ‘Marion de l'Orme’ into English blank verse. She was for many years a member of the best circles of society in London, and her house, Eden Lodge, Upper Gore, Kensington, was frequented by all the celebrities of the day. Her entertainments were morning reunions, her health not permitting her to preside at dinner parties or to keep late hours. More recently she purchased a residence, Fountain House, 5 Upper Hill Street, Richmond, Surrey, where she died, 5 Aug. 1869, and was buried in the family vault at Beckenham, near Bromley in Kent. Her eldest sister, Eleanor Agnes Eden, the first and only love of William Pitt, married, 1 June 1799, Robert, fourth earl of Buckinghamshire, and died at Eastcombe, near Stroud, Gloucestershire, 15 Oct. 1851.



EDEN, FREDERICK MORTON (1766–1809), writer on the state of the poor, was the eldest son of Sir Robert Eden (created a baronet in 1776), governor of Maryland, and grandson of Sir Robert, third baronet of West Auckland. , first lord Auckland [q. v.], was his uncle. His mother was Caroline Calvert, sister and co-heiress of the last Lord Baltimore. The date of his birth is gathered from an inscription in the gallery of Ealing parish church, where he was buried, which states that he died at the age of forty-three. He entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated 19 April 1783, ‘aged 16’ (, Alumni Oxon.) He graduated B.A. 6 Feb. 1787, and M.A. 27 Oct. 1789 (Catalogue of Oxford Graduates). In 1792 he married the daughter of James Paul Smith. The rest of his life appears to have been spent in business, and in social and economical investigations. He was one of the founders and was afterwards chairman of the Globe Insurance Company (, Insurance Cyclop.); and he died at the office of the company 14 Nov. 1809. He left five sons and two daughters; the eldest son, Sir Frederick, third baronet, was killed at New Orleans 24 Dec. 1814; the second, Sir William, succeeded his brother as fourth baronet; the third was, bishop of Moray [q. v.]

Eden is spoken of as a man of well-known benevolence of disposition, and his writings display a cultivated and scholarly mind. From his humorous poem called ‘The Vision,’ in which he takes to task his friend [q. v.] for being unduly engrossed in etymological study, one might imagine that his bent was not less to literature than to political economy. His sole claim to fame, however, is the investigation which he made into the state of the labouring classes in England. He was led to the subject by the high prices of 1794 and 1795. Being a man of means, and earnestly interested in the subject, he performed the work with great thoroughness. He visited and studied several parishes personally; he had many correspondents, clergymen and others; and, for the rest, he secured the services of ‘a remarkably faithful and intelligent person, who has spent more than a year in travelling from place to place for the express purpose of obtaining exact information agreeably to a set of queries with which I furnished him’ (pref. to The State of the Poor). The three volumes which he published in 1797 (the year before Malthus published the first edition of the ‘Essay on Population’), when he was only thirty-one years of age, form one of the classical works in economical literature, and are so rich in valuable facts, not to be found 