Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 16.djvu/257

 with Beresford at all the great battles of the Peninsular war, and at its close was made one of the first K.C.B.'s on the extension of the order of the Bath, a K.T.S., and received a gold cross and five clasps for the nine pitched battles and sieges at which he had been present, namely Busaco, Albuera, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, the Pyrenees, the Nivelle, the Nive, and Toulouse. He remained in Portugal after the close of the war until April 1816, when he was summoned to England, and appointed colonel of the royal staff corps and deputy quartermaster-general at the Horse Guards in the place of Major-general John Brown. He was made a K.C.H. in 1818, and promoted major-general on 12 Aug. 1819. In 1820 he was made governor of Antigua, and in 1824 was transferred to Demerara and Essequibo — settlements which were combined with Berbice in 1831 to form British Guiana, of which D'Urban was then made first governor. In 1829 he was made colonel of the 51st regiment, and, after returning to England, he in 1833 was appointed governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1837, when he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, he was succeeded at the Cape by Major-general Sir George T. Napier, K.C.B. In 1840 he was made a G.C.B. The chief event of his governorship of the Cape was his final occupation of Natal, where a large body of Dutch Boers had settled, being dissatisfied with the English administration of the colony and the immigration of English colonists. Their settlement was considered dangerous by the government at home, and D'Urban was ordered to take possession. His connection with these operations, which created a new colony, is perpetuated in the name of Durban given officially to Port Natal. In January 1847 D'Urban was transferred to the command of the forces in Canada, and on 25 May 1849 he died at Montreal, aged 72.

[Royal Military Calendar; Gent. Mag. December 1849.] 

DUREL, JOHN (1625–1683), dean of Windsor, was born at St. Heliers, Jersey, in 1625, and entered Merton College, Oxford, in 1640. When Oxford was garrisoned by Charles I he retired to France and studied at Caen, where he proceeded M.A. in the Sylvanian College, 1644, and published his thesis, ‘Theoremata Philosophiæ,’ &c., Caen, 1644, 4to. He then studied divinity at the protestant university of Saumur, and wrote No. 6 (14 March 1647) of the ‘Disputationes de Argumentis,’ published by President Placens, Saumur, 1649, 4to. In 1647 he returned to Jersey as chaplain to Lieutenant-governor Carteret, and assisted in its defence for the king until its reduction by the parliamentary forces in 1651. He joined the English exiles at the chapel of the residency at Paris, and the same year was ordained deacon and priest by the Bishop of Galloway. He afterwards resided at St. Malo, officiated a short time at Caen in place of the learned Bochart, and after declining an offer from the landgrave of Hesse became chaplain for eight years to the Duke de la Force, father of the Princess de Turenne.

In 1660 he returned to England. The same year he was prime mover in the establishment of the French episcopal chapel in the Savoy, Strand, of which he was appointed minister with a royal pension. On 14 Jan. 1661 Durel preached his first sermon in the Savoy Chapel, and the liturgy of the church of England was read in French for the first time. The king selected Durel to translate the English prayer-book into French, and ordered his book to be used in all the parish churches of Guernsey and Jersey and at the Savoy Chapel. The right of sole printing was granted 6 Oct. 1662, the Bishop of London's chaplain sanctioned it in 1663, but the work did not appear until 1667, the title being ‘La Liturgie, c'est à dire Le Formulaire des Prieres publiques,’ &c., London, 8vo. Kennett says this translation was accepted with great favour by the reformed church in France.

Durel was recommended by the king to the Bishop of Winchester, 28 Oct. 1661, for the reversion of the sinecure held by James Hamilton, bishop of Galloway [q. v.] He succeeded Earle as chaplain to Charles II in 1662, in which year he published ‘A View of the Government and Publick Worship of God in the Reformed Churches beyond the Seas,’ London, 4to, pp. 344. It was answered in a work erroneously ascribed to Henry Hickman, ‘Apologia pro Ministris in Anglia,’ &c. In 1663 he became prebendary of North Aulton in the cathedral of Salisbury, and in 1664 also prebendary of Windsor. The revised prayer-book was entrusted to John Earle, bishop of Salisbury [q. v.], and Dr. Pearson (afterwards bishop of Chester), for translation into Latin. On the death of Earle and the preferment of Pearson and his successor Dolben, the completion of the translation was entrusted to Durel. Earle's portion was lost with the convocation records in the great fire, but a portion of Dolben's manuscript was found. Durel's work, of which he calls himself ‘editor,’ not translator, was published in 1670 as ‘Liturgia, seu Liber Precum Communium et Administrationis Sacramentorum,’ &c., London, 8vo. There were at least seven