Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 15.djvu/371

 Douglas of Glenbervie, of Bridgeford, and of Barras.

[Fraser's Douglas Book; Histories of Knox, Calderwood, and Hume of Godscroft; Register of the Privy Council of Scotland.] 

DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, of Lochleven, sixth or seventh  (d. 1606), was descended from Sir William Douglas of Lugton, who was the third son of Sir John Douglas of Dalkeith, ancestor of the first Earl of Morton, and who received a grant of the castle of Lochleven from Robert II. He was the eldest son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven by Margaret, daughter of John, fourth lord Erskine, who had previously been mistress to James V; and was thus closely related to three nobles, each of whom in turn held the office of regent, Moray being his half-brother, Mar his uncle, and Morton of such near kinship that he made him his second prospective heir. He succeeded to the estate of Lochleven on the death of his father at the battle of Pinkie in 1547. When Queen Mary, after her marriage to Darnley, required James, earl of Morton, to give surety that he would give up Tantallon Castle, she also charged Douglas on 7 Nov. to deliver up the fortalice of Lochleven (Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. i. 390–1), but having pleaded that he was ‘extremely sick,’ he was allowed to keep it on condition that he should be prepared to deliver it up ‘with all the munition and artillerie’ (which had been placed in it by Moray) on twenty-four hours' warning (ib. 396). He had, however, sufficiently recovered to be present at the murder of Rizzio in the following March, and was denounced as one of the murderers (ib. 437). He joined the confederacy of the lords at Stirling for the protection of the young prince and the avenging of Darnley's murder; and after Mary's surrender at Carberry Hill, his fortalice, owing to its isolated situation and his own near relationship both to Moray and Mar, was selected to be her prison. He received a warrant on 16 June for her commitment, and in answer to his supplication parliament in December passed an act showing that he had acted in obedience to the warrant (Acts Parl. Scotl. iii. 28). It was from no want of vigilance on the part of him or his mother (who was also the mother of Moray) that the queen, by the assistance of his younger brother, made her clever escape; and no charge of carelessness or collusion was ever made against him. At the battle of Langside he held a command in the rear guard, and at a crisis in the battle showed great presence of mind and activity in bringing reinforcements to the right wing (, Memoirs, 202). He also accompanied Moray and Morton when they went to York to accuse the queen (ib. 205). When the Earl of Northumberland, in violation of the customs of the country ‘to succour banished men,’ and in opposition to the strong protests of Morton, who accounted it a ‘great shame and reproach’ (Hunsdon to Cecil, 11 Jan. 1570–1571, quoted in, ix. 170), was taken prisoner at Elizabeth's request by the regent Moray in Liddesdale, Moray, unable to find a place of security for him south of the Forth, delivered him personally on 2 Jan. to his kinsman, Douglas, to be kept in Lochleven (, ii. 510). In April 1572, Douglas agreed to deliver him to Elizabeth on receipt of 2,000l., the same sum which had been offered him by the countess to set him at liberty (see various letters, Cal. State Papers, Scotch Ser. i. 345–52). By a confusion between the two earls of Morton this infamous transaction is not unfrequently referred to as a shameful example of the cupidity of James, fourth earl, but in fact he was so far from being concerned in it that it was probably at his instance that the regent Mar threw obstacles in the way and endeavoured to stipulate that Northumberland's life should be saved. The difficulty had been created by the regent Moray, who, shortly after delivering Northumberland to Douglas, was assassinated at Linlithgow. On the occurrence of the tragedy Douglas and his brother Robert, as the nearest kin of the regent, craved summary execution against the murderer (, ii. 526), and when in 1575 it was reported that the assassin Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh was to be brought home by the lord of Arbroath, Douglas assembled a force of twelve hundred men and vowed to have vengeance on both.

During the fourth Earl of Morton's regency, Douglas gradually won a large share of his friendship, and latterly, as may be seen from the letters in ‘Reg. Honor. de Morton,’ was specially confided in. It was to Lochleven that Morton retired when he demitted the regency in 1578, and after the Earl of Mar on behalf of Morton seized Stirling Castle, Douglas joined him, and entered into communication with Morton to arrange for his return to power. After the apprehension of Morton on the charge of being concerned in Darnley's murder, Douglas, with other relatives, was on 14 March 1581 summoned to appear before the council ‘to answer to sic thingis as salbe inquirit of them’ (Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. iii. 365), and on the 30th he found two sureties in 10,000l. for his entry ‘into ward beyond the water of Cromartie’ by the 8th of the following April, and his good behaviour in the