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 at Dalkeith and afterwards encamped at Leith, where, when they had united their forces with those of Lennox, a parliament was held at which sentence of forfeiture was passed against Lethington and others. In September following, when the parliament at Stirling was surprised by a party of horsemen sent by Kirkaldy of Grange, and the regent and others taken prisoners, Crawford, after the Earl of Mar had opened fire on those of the enemy who had gone to spoil the houses and booths, with the assistance of some gentlemen in the castle and a number of the townsfolk, sallied out against the intruders and drove them from the town (, Memorials, p. 184). Most of the captives were at once abandoned, and, although Lennox was assassinated in the struggle, the main purpose of Kirkaldy was thus practically defeated. In July 1572 Crawford had a turn of ill-fortune, being defeated and nearly captured in the woods of Hamilton by some persons in the pay of the Hamiltons, but this, it is said, was owing to the fact that his assailants had been formerly in the service of the regent and were permitted to approach him as friends (ib. p. 237). At the siege of the castle of Edinburgh in 1573 Crawford was appointed with Captain Hume to keep the trenches (, History, iii. 281). On 28 May he led the division of the Scots which, with a division of the English, stormed the spur after a desperate conflict of three hours. By its capture Kirkaldy was compelled to come to terms, and it was to Hume and Crawford that he secretly surrendered the castle on the following day (, Memoirs, p. 255). The fall of the castle extinguished the resistance of the queen's party and ended the civil war.

Crawford in his later years resided at Kersland in the parish of Dalry, of which his second wife, Janet Ker, was the heiress. He granted an annual rent to the university of Glasgow in July 1576, and in 1577 he was elected lord provost of the city. Crawford received the lands of Jordanhill, which his father had bestowed on the chaplainry of Drumry, the grant being confirmed by a charter granted under the great seal, 8 March 1565–6. His important services to James VI were recognised by liberal grants of land at various periods. In September 1575 James VI sent him a letter of thanks for his good service done to him from the beginning of the wars, promising some day to remember the same to his ‘great contentment.’ This he did not fail to do as soon as he assumed the government, for on 28 March 1578 Crawford received a charter under the great seal for various lands in Dalry. On 24 Oct. 1581 he received the lands of Blackstone, Barns, and others in the neighbourhood of Glasgow, as well as an annuity of 200l. Scots, payable out of the religious benefices. Crawford was in command of a portion of the forces with which the Duke of Lennox proposed in August 1582 to seize the protestant lords, a design frustrated by intelligence sent from Bowes, the English ambassador. Crawford died on 3 Jan. 1603, and was buried in the old churchyard, Kilbirnie, where in 1594 he had erected a curious monument to himself and his lady, with the motto ‘God schaw the right,’ which had been granted him by the Earl of Morton for his valour in the skirmish between Leith and Edinburgh (see engraving in Archæological and Historical Collections relating to Ayr and Wigton, ii. 128).



CRAWFORD, THOMAS JACKSON, D.D. (1812–1875), Scottish divine, was a native of St. Andrews. His father, William Crawford, was professor of moral philosophy in the United College in that city. He received his education in the university of St. Andrews, took his degree in 1831, and, being licensed as a preacher by the presbytery of St. Andrews in April 1834, was presented by the principal and masters of the United College to the parish of Cults. In 1838 he was translated to Glamis, to which parish he had been presented by the trustees of Lord Strathmore; and six years later, having received from the university of St. Andrews the degree of D.D., he was transferred to the charge of St. Andrew's parish in Edinburgh. In 1859 he was appointed professor of divinity; in 1861 he was made a chaplain-in-ordinary to the queen; subsequently he became a dean of the chapel royal; and in 1867 his eminence as a theologian was recognised by his election to the office of moderator of the general assembly. He died at Genoa on 11 Oct. 1875.

His works are:
 * 1) ‘Reasons of Adherence to the Church of Scotland,’ Cupar, 1843.
 * 2) ‘An Argument for Jewish Missionaries,’ Edinburgh, 1847.
 * 3) ‘Presbyterianism defended against the exclusive claims of Prelacy, as urged by Romanists and Tractarians,’ Edinburgh, 1853, 8vo.
 * 4) ‘Presbytery or Prelacy; which is the more conformable to