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 honest way, like Calamy and other genial divines of the dissenting interest. But Matthew Mead, the independent, no lax judge, says of him: ‘If I may use the phrase in fashion, he lived too fast, not as too many do who shorten their lives by their debaucheries and sinful excesses, but as a taper which wastes itself to give light to others.’ He died on 26 Nov. 1697, aged 41. He was buried in Stepney churchyard. He was married, and had issue. The inscription on his portrait (drawn by T. Foster, and engraved by R. White) says, ‘ætat. 40, 1697.’ He had an agreeable countenance, but was of insignificant stature. By a majority of one vote his congregation chose as his successor Thomas Shepherd, afterwards independent minister at Bocking, Essex. The election was overruled, and William Harris, D.D., a presbyterian, was appointed. A split ensued, and the congregation dwindled till its extinction in 1777. An elegy to Cruso's memory was published in 1697, fol., by J. S. [?John Shower, his fellow-student], who complains of the ‘barbarous verse’ of others who had attempted the same theme. He published: 1. ‘The Christian Lover,’ 1690, 8vo. 2. ‘The Blessedness of a Tender Conscience,’ 1691, 8vo. 3. ‘God the Guide to Youth,’ 1695, 8vo. 4. ‘Plea for Attendance at the Lord's Table,’ 1696, 8vo. 5. ‘Sermons at Pinners' Hall,’ 1697 8vo, 1698 8vo, 1699 8vo (edited by Matthew Mead). Also funeral sermons for Mary Smith, 1688, 4to (anon.), and Henry Brownsword, 1688, 4to; five separate 4to sermons in 1689, all dealing more or less with the revolution of that year; and a sermon on ‘An Early Victory over Satan,’ 1693, 4to. Some of his publications, bearing only the initial of his christian name, are often catalogued under ‘Thomas’ Cruso. S. Palmer, of the ‘Nonconformist's Memorial,’ had the manuscripts of some of Cruso's Pinners' Hall lectures. His sermons on the rich man and Lazarus, ‘preached at Pinners' Hall in 1690’ (sic; but the true date is 1696), were reprinted Edin. 1798, 12mo, with preface by R. Culbertson of Leith.

 CRUTTWELL, CLEMENT (1743–1808), author and compiler, commenced his career as a surgeon at Bath, where he published his ‘Advice to Lying-in Women’ in 1779. He soon afterwards took orders. He published Bishop Wilson's Bible and works, with a life, in 1785. He then began his ‘Concordance of the Parallel Texts of Scripture,’ which he printed in his own house, and on its completion his health was so broken down that he went to the baths of Saint-Amand for a cure. His ‘Gazetteer of France’ (1793) and ‘Gazetteer of the Netherlands’ (1794) were succeeded by his ‘Universal Gazetteer’ (1798), an enormous compilation, of which the entire edition was quickly sold out. He was engaged on a second edition of this great work, which was to contain thirty thousand fresh articles, when he died suddenly while on the way to his native town, at Froxfield in Wiltshire, in August 1808.

 CRUTTWELL, RICHARD (1776–1846), writer on the currency, born in 1776, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.C.L. on 13 June 1803. He was at one period chaplain of H.M.S. Trident, and secretary to Rear-admiral Sir Alexander J. Ball (d. 1809) [q. v.], and was perpetual curate of Holmfirth, in the parish of Kirkburton, Yorkshire. In 1822 he was presented by Lord Eldon to the rectory of Spexhall, Suffolk, and held it till his death, which took place in London on 12 Nov. 1846. Cruttwell persistently brought forward his views on the currency in numerous treatises and pamphlets. At one time he printed at his own cost and distributed hundreds of tracts; but his theories seem to have aroused little interest, and his publisher once received an unfranked note, saying: ‘Sir Robert Peel requests that Mr. Tippell will discontinue sending him printed papers respecting the currency.’ Cruttwell claims to have laboured for more than twenty years for the good of his country, and to have sacrificed for it health, friends, and comfort. In ‘Reform without Revolution,’ one of the latest of his writings, he urges the practical application of his principles to the relief of ‘our suffering millions, manufacturing operatives in particular,’ whose misfortunes arise ‘from untaxed foreign competition, from overtaxed home competition, [and] from a viciously depraved money standard.’ Cruttwell's publications are: 1. ‘A Discourse … on occasion of the Death of Admiral Sir A. J. Ball,’ London, 1809, 8vo. 2. ‘A Treatise on the State of the Currency … being a full and free Exposition of the Erroneous Principles of Mr. Ricardo … Mr. Huskisson, Mr. Peel,’ &c. London, 1825, 8vo. 3. ‘Practical