Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 11.djvu/36

 written by him at college while in his eighteenth year. The original song had achieved popularity twenty years before the birth of Cleland, and a parody on it, printed about 1640, is among the 'Roxburghe Ballads,' iii. 633. Cleland's ballad was reprinted in James Watson's 'Collection' in 1706, and by Sir Walter Scott in his 'Minstrelsy.' The most important piece in the volume of Cleland is a 'Mock Poem on the Expedition of the Highland Host who came to destroy the Western Shires in Winter 1678,' in which the appearance and manners of the outlandisn array are satirised with considerable keenness and force, but in somewhat doggerel rhyme. There is also a longer and duller 'Mock Poem on the Clergie when they met to consult about taking the Test in the year 1681.' Cleland is erroneously stated by Sir Walter Scott to have been the father of Major William Cleland, commissioner of excise [q. v.]

 CLELAND, WILLIAM (1674?–1741), friend of Pope, was of Scotch birth. He studied at Utrecht, served in Spain under Lord Rivers, and after the peace became a commissioner of customs in Scotland, and after 1723 of the land tax and house duties in England. He died on 21 Sept. 1741, in his sixty-eighth year, having been dismissed from his office (worth 500l. a year) two months previously. He is known chiefly from his connection with Pope. Pope presented a portrait of himself by Jervas, and a copy of the Homer, to Cleland, with the inscription, 'Mr. Cleland, who reads all other books, will please read this from his affectionate friend, A. Pope.' A letter, obviously written by Pope, but signed William Cleland (dated 22 Dec. 1728), was prefixed to later editions of the 'Dunciad.' Pope also made use of Cleland to write a letter to Gay (16 Dec. 1731) in contradiction of the report that 'Timon' was intended for James Brydges, duke of Chandos [q. v.] A note by Pope on the 'Dunciad' letter is the chief authority for the facts of his life; some writers at the time of its first publication had even denied Cleland's existence. There is no doubt of the facts mentioned, but other statements about Cleland are contradictory. Scott, in his edition of Swift, described him as the son of Colonel W. Cleland [q. v.], which is impossible, as Colonel Cleland was born about 1661. He is also said to have been the prototype of Will Honeycomb, which is improbable from a consideration of dates. Neither can he be identified with a Colonel Cleland with whom Swift dined on 31 March 1713. He and Mrs. Cleland are mentioned in Swift's correspondence by Mrs. Kelly and Mrs. Barber as known to Swift ('s Swift, iii. 195, xviii. 195, xix. 91). Pope (3 Nov. 1730) asks Lord Oxford to recommend a son of Cleland's, who was then at Christ Church, having been elected from Westminster in 1728. Another son was probably John Cleland [q. v.], a disreputable person, who was also at Westminster in 1722, and who was mentioned in his lifetime as the son of Pope's friend. His father's portrait, in the the fashionable costume of the day, is said always to have hung in the son's library.

 CLEMENT I (fl. 745) was a bishop, doubtless a native of Ireland, resident in the Frankish realm in the time of St. Boniface, archbishop of Mentz, against whose attempts to introduce the complete Roman discipline into Germany he strenuously, but in vain, contended. The archbishop cited him before a synod in 743 or 744, at which Carloman and Pippin were present, and Clement was deprived of his priesthood and condemned to imprisonment for sundry acts and opinions deemed heretical (Monum. Mogunt. pp. 133, 137, 149;, Vit. S. Bonif. vii. p. 458). Pope Zacharias, to whom the affair was reported, approved Boniface's action, and confirmed the former part of the sentence (June 22, 744; Ep. xlviii. p. 133). The charges against Clement were first that he had a wife (Boniface calls her a concubine) and two children; more than this, that he justified marriage with a deceased brother's wife, in conformity with the Jewish law. In dogmatic theology he held views which seemed to contradict the Latin doctrine of predestination; and he asserted that Christ on his rising from the dead 'delivered all who had been Kept in prison, faithful and unbelievers, worshippers of