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  of his 'Academica.' In 1744 his letter 'On the ancient numeral characters of the Roman Legions,' was added to Tunstall's 'Observations on Epistles of Cicero and Brutus,' Lond. 8vo, in confutation of Middleton's notion that there were legions of the same number in different parts of the empire. In 1742 he published 'Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity,' in five parts, Lond. 8vo. In 1745 he assisted Zachary Pearce in his edition of 'Cicero de Officiis.' In 1747 he prefixed anonymously in Latin to Mr. Mounteney's edition of Demosthenes 'Observationes in Commentarios vulgò Ulpianeos,' and a map of ancient Greece to illustrate Demosthenes. Other editions of this appeared in 1791, 1811, and 1820.

As executor and surviving trustee of Archbishop Potter, Chapman presented himself to the precentorship of Lincoln (an option, or archbishop's gift). A suit was thereupon brought in chancery by Dr. Wm. Richardson. In 1760 Lord-keeper Henley made a decree in his favour, but the House of Lords reversed the decision. Burn states the case in 'Ecclesiastical Law,' vol. i., but promised Chapman to modify the statement m a later edition. Hurd censures Chapman in his correspondence with Warburton; and Chapman published his own statement, 'His Case against Dr. Richardson,' &c., Lond. 1760, fol., which was not answered. His other works are 'Phlegm examined,' and 'Phlegon reexamined,' both Lond. 1739, 8vo, two tracts relating to the testimonies of Phlegon in answer to Dr. Sykes on the darkness at the crucifixion; 'Forty-five Sermons of J. C. and W. Berriman,' Lond. 1746, 8vo; 'Charge to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry .... Popery the true Bane of Letters,' Lond. 1746, 4to, which was violently attacked by Middleton; 'The Jesuit Cabal further opened,' Lond. 1747, 4to; 'Discovery of the Miraculous Powers of the Christian Church,' Lond. 1747, 4to; 'Concio ad Synodum .... Prov. Cant.,' Lond. 1748, 8vo; 'Ends and Uses of Charity Schools,' Lond. 1762, 4to; and 'Miraculous Powers of Primitive Christians,' and 1762, 4to; also single sermons in 1739, 1743, 1748, and 1762.

Chapman died at Mersham, 14 Oct. 1784, and was buried in the chancel. His library was sold by Leigh & Sotheby, 4-14 April 1786.  CHAPMAN, JOHN (1801–1854), political writer, was born at Loughborough, Leicestershire, on 20 Jan. 1801, and was the eldest of the three surviving sons of John Chapman, clockmaker of that town. He received his education first at a school kept by Mr. Mowbray, and then under the Rev. T. Stevenson; but he taught himself Greek, and paid a French workman of his father's to teach him French. His passion for books and the agitation set up by him and some of his young companions led to the establishment of the Loughborough Permanent Library; and by 1817 he was devoting his Sundavs to teaching in the Sunday school, and had become secretary of a peace society, and of the Hampden Club, of which his father was president. At this time he was helping his father in his business; but about 1822, which was the date of his public admission into the general baptist church, his attention was directed to the machinery required for the bobbin-net trade, technically called 'insides.' He joined his next brother, William, in setting up a factory for the production of this machinery, and in a few years was able to build a large factory, and erect a steam-engine for it. In December 1824 he married Mary, daughter of John Wallis, a Loughborough lace manufacturer. He soon became a prominent adherent in the town of the philosophical radicals, and a riot breaking out in Loughborough on the occasion of the Reform Bill, he courageously diverted an attack upon the rectory, though the rector was his strong opponent. In 1832 he visited France to investigate the condition of the lace-machine trade there, his own firm doing a large business, then contraband, with foreign houses. Chapman and others petitioned parliament to repeal the machine exportation laws; but protection for the time triumphed, and the firm of J. & W. Chapman was in 1884 completely ruined. Stripped of all but his books, which a neighbouring manufacturer, Mr. Walker, bought and presented to him, Chapman set off from Loughbrough to London, leaving his wife and children behind. He first performed manual work for mathematical instrument makers, then obtained employment as mathematical tutor, and wrote tor the 'Mechanic's Magazine,' of which for a short time he was editor. He became sccretarv to the Safety Cabriolet and Two-wheel Carriage Company in 1830; in the same year his wife and children joined him in London. He recognised defects in the vehicle which Hansom was then building (Paddington Mercury,