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 fifty guineas. In London she continued to aid persons desirous of emigrating; she communicated with the friends of settlers, and personally superintended the shipment of the inexperienced. On 20 April 1847 she gave evidence in the House of Lords before the Committee on the Execution of the Criminal Laws (Report of First Committee, 1847, pp. 385-9). She persuaded the government to send out a number of pauper children to their parents, liberated convicts, in Australia, and she herself helped the wives of many liberated convicts to emigrate. She next established a Family Colonisation Loan Society, to enable people of slender means, by small instalments, to pap the amount of their passage. In 1850 she published a pamplet entitled ‘The A B C of Colonisation,’ in which she denounced the existing plans of emigration, and followed this up by another work named ‘Emigration and Transportation relatively considered,’ which was addressed to Lord Grey. On 10 April 1854 she returned to Australia, and successfully carried on her work there during a further period of twelve years. She came back to England in 1866. A civil list pension of 100l. was granted to her on 19 June 1867. She died at Fulham on 25 March 1877, and was buried at Northampton on the 31st, the service being performed by the Roman catholic bishop.

, who for many years ably supported his wife in all her charitable undertakings, passed as a cadet into the service of the East India Company in 1817, became a lieutenant in the 13th Madras native infantry on 31 Oct. 1818, rose to be a captain in 1833, and retired on the annuity fund on 5 Jan. 1845. He afterwards obtained the honorary rank of major, and died at Rugby on 17 Aug. 1877, aged 82.



CHISHOLM, COLIN, M.D. (d. 1825), medical writer was in 1796 acting as surgeon to H.M.'s Ordnance in Grenada, an office which he resigned in 1798 (Royal Kalendar). A few years later he fixed his residence at Bristol, where he long enjoyed a lucrative practice. His latter days were chiefly spent in retirement on the continent. He died in Sloane Street, London, in the beginning of 1825 (Gent. Mag. vol. xcv. t. i. pp. 647-8). Besides papers in various medical periodicals, such as the ‘Medical Repository,' Duncan's ‘Medical Commentaries,’ Duncan’s ‘Annals of Medicine,’ &c., Chisholm was the author of:
 * 1) ‘An Essay on the Malignant Pestilential Fever introduced into the West India Islands from Boulam, on the coast of Guinea, as it appeared in 1793 and 1794,’ 8vo, London, 1795 (second edition, much enlarged, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1801).
 * 2) ‘A Letter to John Haygarth, M.D., exhibiting further evidence of the infectious nature of the Pestilential Fever in Grenada &hellip; and in America,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1809. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 24 Nov. 1808.



CHISHOLM, JOHN (1752–1814), Scotch catholic prelate, brother of [q. v.], was born at Inchully in Strathglass, Inverness-shire, in September 1752, and educated in the Scotch college at Douay. He was nominated fourth vicar-apostolic of the highland district in 1791; consecrated at Edinburgh as bishop of Oria in Africa, 12 Feb. 1792; and died at Killichiaran in the island of Lismore 8 July 1814.



CHISHOLM, WALTER (1856–1877), poet, son of a Berwickshire shepherd, was born at Easter Harelaw, near Chirnside, on 21 Dec. 1856. When little more than twelve years old he was obliged to leave school in order to assist his father, who was then (Whitsuntide 1865) shepherd at Redheugh, a farm in the eastern part of Cockburnshaw parish. It was probably while tending sheep on the western borders of Coldingham Moor that Chisholm first attempted composition, for by the time he was about sixteen or seventeen ‘it began to be whispered among the neighbours that Walter was making verses.’ At Whitsuntide 1875 his father removed to the neighbouring farm of Dowlaw, and during the summer of that year Chisholm, having ‘hired himself out,’ was shepherding in the Yetholm district, by the side of the Bowmont. In the winter he returned home, and attended for a short time his old school at Old Cambus. By this time some of his poems, with the signature of ‘Wattie,’ had found their way into the ‘Poets’ Corner’ of the ‘Haddington Courier,’ and were copied into various local papers. Others appeared in the ‘People’s Friend;’ while in the competition promoted by the ‘People’s Journal’ his lines entitled ‘Scotia’s Border Land’ gained the second prize at Christmas 1876. In the spring of the last-named year Chisholm went