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 thirty years of his life in Manchester, where he died on 22 Oct. 1858. He was educated at St. Andrews, whence he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, but did not stay to take a degree. His first thoughts were of the Anglican ministry, but this design was abandoned and he filled responsible positions in connection with the Bank of Manchester and the Manchester and Salford Bank. His leisure was devoted to literary and archæological studies, and to the extension of the offertory system in the church of England. He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, a member of the Royal Society of Literature, and of various local associations. He wrote: 1. ‘Plan for the Endowment of the Church of St. Andrew, Ancoats, Manchester,’ Manchester, 1846 (anonymous). 2. ‘The Necessity and Advantages of a Bankers' Clearing House: addressed to the Commercial Public of Manchester,’ Manchester, 1847. 3. ‘The Duty of Increasing the Stipends of the Manchester Clergy, stated and proved by a practical example,’ Manchester, 1852 (anonymous). 4. ‘Some Remarks on “The Deserted Village” of Oliver Goldsmith,’ Manchester, 1852. The poet is here surveyed from the standpoint of a political economist.

Caw had the reputation of an earnest-minded man of liberal disposition and intellectual sympathies. He is buried at St. Luke's, Cheetham Hill, and there is a memorial of him in the church of St. Andrew, Ancoats, of which he was a benefactor.

 CAWDELL, JAMES (d. 1800), dramatist, was the manager and chief comedian of various theatres in the north of England, including those of Scarborough, Sunderland, and Shields. He retired from the stage in 1798, having disposed of his property to Mr. Stephen Kemble, and died at Durham in January 1800. He published a volume of poems in 1784 or 1785, and was the author of the following dramatic pieces: 1. ‘Appeal to the Muses,’ 1778. 2. ‘Melpomene's Overthrow,’ a mock masque, 1778. 3. ‘Trump of Genius,’ 1785. 4. ‘Apollo's Holiday,’ a prelude, 1792. 5. ‘Battered Batavians,’ 1798.

 CAWDRY, DANIEL (1588–1664), nonconformist divine, was the youngest son of Robert Cawdry, not of Zachary Cawdry, vicar of Melton Mowbray, as Mr. Nichols supposes (History of Leicestershire). He was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and was instituted to the living of Great Billing, Northamptonshire, in 1625, 'in the presentation of the king by wardship of Christopher Hatton, esq.' He became one of the leading members of the assembly of divines appointed by parliament in 1643 for the regulation of religion. He was one of the presbyterian ministers who signed the address to the Lord General Fairfax remonstrating against all personal violence against the king. At the Restoration he was recommended to Lord Clarendon for a bishopric. Instead, however, of coveting further promotion, he refused to submit to the Act of Uniformity in 1662, and was ejected from his benefice, upon which he retired to Wellingborough, where he died in October 1664 in his seventy-sixth year. He was an able and voluminous writer of controversial divinity, both against the Anglicans on the one side and the independents on the other; and he measured swords with two of the ablest advocates of both, Henry Hammond and John Owen. The titles of his works tell their own tales. The principal of them are: 1. 'Sabbatum Redivivum; or, the Christian Sabbath vindicated,' 1641. 2. 'The Inconsistency of the Independent Way with Scripture and itself,' 1651. 3. 'An Answer to Mr. Giles Firmin's Questions concerning Baptism.' 1652. 4. 'A Diatribe concerning Superstition, Will-worship, and the Christmas Festival,' 1654. 5. 'Independence, a Great Schism, proved against Dr. (John) Owen's Apology,' 1657. 6. 'Survey of Dr. Owen's Review of his Treatise on Schism,' 1658. 7. 'A Vindication of the Diatribe against Dr. Hammond; or, the Account audited and discounted,' 1658, 8. 'Bowing towards the Altar Superstitious; being an answer to Dr. Duncan's "Determination," ' 1661. He also published several devotional works, and a great number of single sermons.

[Baker's History of Northamptonshire, p. 23; Daniel Cawdry's Works; Palmer's Memorial, iii, 27.]  CAWDRY, ZACHARY (1616–1684), author of the ‘Discourse of Patronage,’ was born in 1616 at Melton Mowbray, of which town his father, also called Zachary, was vicar. He was educated for seven years at the free school at Melton, and went thence, at the age of sixteen, to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was ‘sub or proper sizar to the then master, Dr. Humphrey Gower.’ In 1642 he proceeded M.A., was proctor 1647–8, and in 1649 became rector of Barthomley in Cheshire. He continued at Barthomley until his death in 1684, and was buried there ‘near his wife, Helen, and his very dear pupil, John 