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 form. Without discussing the point, it is necessary to say that Carlyle, when writing, did not contemplate publication without careful revision. At the end of the original manuscript he says, in a passage omitted by Mr. Froude, presumably because superseded in his view by the later instructions, ‘I solemnly forbid’ my friends to publish ‘this bit of writing as it stands here, and warn them that without fit editing no part of it should be printed (nor so far as I can order shall ever be), and that the “fit editing” of perhaps nine-tenths of it will, after I am gone, have become impossible’ (Norton, New Princeton Review for July 1886). The following are notices by personal friends: Henry James, Literary Remains, some Personal Recollections of Carlyle (Atlantic Monthly, May 1881); Masson, Carlyle personally and in his writings, Lond. 1885 (Lectures before Phil. Institute of Edinburgh); Mrs. Oliphant, Macmillan's Mag. April 1881; H. Larkin in British Quarterly for July 1881, 28–84; Rio, A. F., Epilogue à l'Art Chrétien (1870), ii. 332–40; Sir Henry Taylor, Autob. i. 325–32; Mill's Autobiography (1873), 174–6; G. S. Venables, in Fortnightly Rev. May 1883 and Nov. 1884; Wyllie's Thomas Carlyle, the Man and his Books, 1881; Conway's Thomas Carlyle, 1881; Larkin's The Open Secret of Carlyle's Life, 1886. A list of may articles referring to Carlyle is given by Mr. Ireland in Notes and Queries, 6th ser. iv. 145, 201, 226.]  CARLYON, CLEMENT (1777–1864), physician, was born at Truro 14 April 1777, and educated at the grammar school, where Davy and Henry Martyn were among his schoolfellows. Having taken his degree at Pembroke College, Cambridge, he was appointed a travelling bachelor on the Worts foundation, and, proceeding to Germany, formed the acquaintance with Coleridge for which, apart from his merely local celebrity, he is now principally remembered. After completing his medical studies at Edinburgh and London, he settled in his native town, where he spent a long life of active beneficence. He was five times mayor of Truro, and was chiefly instrumental in the erection of the handsome memorial to Richard Lander, which is so great an ornament to the town. His autobiography, published under the title of 'Early Years and Late Reflections,' in 4 vols., between 1836 and 1858, is in parts exceedingly tedious, but is valuable for the numerous interesting particulars of Coleridge, Davy, and other men of eminence known to the writer. His 'Observations on the Endemic Typhus Fever of Cornwall' (1827) are esteemed, and effected much good in a sanitary point of view. He edited Cornaro and Bernard Gilpin, and wrote several tracts on religious subjects. He died on 5 March 1864.

 CARMELIANUS, PETER (d. 1527), poet, was a native of Breccia, who must have been born about the middle of the fifteenth century. He appears to have come to England in the days of Edward IV, and to have been habitually resident in this country from that time till his death. The earliest production of his pen that we have met with is a poem on the life of St. Mary of Egypt written during the reign of Richard III (Laud MS, 501 ;, Catalogue), with an epistle dedicatory to Sir Robert Brackenbury, the constable of the Tower. In this dedicatory epistle Richard is praised as a model king, a pattern of religion, justice, and sagacity. But little more than a year after his death Carmelianus gives us a very different character of him in a poem written to celebrate the birth of Henry VII's son, Prince Arthur, in 1486, in which he charges the that with the murder of Henry VI and his own nephews, and denounces him as a ferocious monster, prompt to commit every crime. The composition of two such works within the space of not more than three years at the utmost reflects a light upon the author's character which makes comment quite unnecessary. From the first he shows himself to be a court poet and nothing him by the king on 27 Sept. 1486, which pension, the words of the grant state, 'he that shall be next promoted to the bishopric of Worcester is bound to yield to a clerk of ours at our nomination.' On 8 April 1488, in like manner, Henry VII granted him another pension which the elect abbot of Hyde was bound to pay to a clerk of the king's nomination. On the 23rd of the same month he obtained a patent of denization. He had also given him by the king on 15 Feb. just before a corrody in the priory of Christ Church, A year or two later he wrote, in the opinion of his fellow-poetaster Bernard André, a most witty poem in answer to Gaguin, the French historian and ambassador, who had revenged himself in satirical verse for the failure of his embassy lo England. He became Henry VII's Latin secretary, and one of his chaplains. In this latter capacity he attended the king to his meeting with the Archduke Philip at Calais in 160O. In the former he was the keeper of the king's 