Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 08.djvu/456

 English saints, to that of Thomas of Canterbury. Hundreds of miracles were performed at his shrine. The assumption by his successors of his family arms as the arms of the see shows how far he became identified with the later history of Hereford (, Herefordshire, i. 470). His day was 2 Oct.

In personal appearance Thomas was fair but ruddy. His nose was large, and his red hair was in his later years streaked with grey. His face, his admirers thought, was as the face of an angel. In his private life he was pure and blameless, and austere even beyond mediæval standard. After he became bishop, he wore a hair shirt underneath his episcopal dress. He was remarkable for his charity to the poor and for his hospitality.

[The life of Thomas of Cantelupe can be told with a detail very unusual for his times from the copious and almost contemporary Processus Canonisation is preserved in the Vatican (Vat. MS. 4015), and which is the basis of the long life in the Bollandist Acta Sanctorum Octobris, tom. i. pp. 539–610 vita, 610–705 miracula; Capgrave (Nova Legenda, f. 282 b), Surius (De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis, 2 Oct. p. 16), the jesuit Strange in his Life and Gests of Thomas of Cantelupe (Gand 1674, reprinted London 1879), have all drawn from the same source or from each other, but are much inferior in accuracy to the Bollandist account. There are other manuscript authorities enumerated in Hardy's Descriptive Catalogue, iii. 217–20. Dugdale's Baronage, pp. 731–3, gives an account of his family; Wood's Annals of Oxford (ed. Gutch) speaks of his Oxford career; Lord Campbell's account, Lives of the Chancellors, i. 153–4, is inaccurate and meagre; Foss's sketch in Judges of England, ii. 287–9, is rather better; Hardy's Le Neve and Godwin's De Præsulibus are short summaries. Of original authorities, besides the depositions of the witnesses to his sanctity, something may be gleaned from Trivet (Eng. Hist. Soc.), the annals of Worcester, Waverley, Oseney, and Wykes in Luard's Annales Monastici, Rolls Series; Stubbs's Annals of Edward I and II, Rolls Series; the Close and Patent Rolls, the Parliamentary Writs, and the documents in Rymer's Fœdera; Martin's Registrum Epistolarum J. Peckham, Rolls Series, some of the documents in which are also printed in Wilkins's Concilia, vol. ii., and Webb's Introductions and Appendices to the Household Expenses of Bishop Swinfield (Camden Soc.), largely derived from Cantelupe's still existing Register, are both of the first importance for the history of his later years; the negotiations for his canonisation can be best traced from Rymer and Webb; the Bull of John XXII is in the Bullarium Romanum, i. 234 (Lugd. 1692).] 

CANTELUPE, WALTER (d. 1266), bishop of Worcester, was the second son of William, the first baron Cantelupe [q. v.] While still a young man, and only in minor orders, he held several benefices (, Judges, p. 155). He was at the Roman court in 1229, and was sent by Pope Gregory IX to carry the pall to Archbishop Richard (Dunstable Annals, p. 116). In 1231 he acted as one of the seven justices itinerant for several counties. He was elected bishop of Worcester on 30 Aug. 1236, and was at once accepted by the king. As bishop elect we find his name among those who signed the confirmation of Magna Charta in January 1237. He left England immediately afterwards and was consecrated at Viterbo on 3 May 1237 by Pope Gregory IX, who had previously ordained him deacon and priest. The following October he was enthroned in his cathedral, in the presence of the king and queen, the queen of Scotland, the archbishop, and the legate Otho. He began at once a very vigorous administration of his diocese, visiting the chief religious houses, such as Gloucester, Malvern, Tewkesbury, &c., dedicating churches, holding synods, ordaining clergy, settling lawsuits, obtaining grants of fairs and markets from the king. How minute his care over the whole diocese was may be seen by the constitutions issued in 1240, where besides giving strict injunctions to the clergy as to their visiting the sick, avoiding anything like usury in selling their corn, &c., he especially bids them to warn mothers and nurses from overlaying their children at night.

In 1237, at the council of St. Paul's, under the legate Otho, he took the lead in opposing the legate's attempt to enforce the statute of the Lateran council against pluralities, pointing out how the hospitality practised and the alms bestowed by many of high rank and advanced years would be impossible if they were deprived of their benefices. In 1239 he was appointed one of the three arbitrators in the dispute between Bishop Grosseteste and his chapter. In 1241 he left England with the legate, but proceeded only as far as Burgundy, whence he returned with Richard of Cornwall. In 1244, in company with Bishop Grosseteste and the Bishop of Hereford, he made a strong protest against the king's treatment of William de Raleigh, who had been elected bishop of Winchester against his (the king's) wishes. Henry III, who would always give way to a certain amount of determined opposition, tried to avoid them, and ran off from Reading to Westminster. They followed him thither, and threatened to put his chapel under an interdict. They, however, granted his request for delay in the matter, and the