Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 08.djvu/346

Campbell later years he rebuilt the castle at Inverary. He died suddenly on 15 April 1761. By his wife, the daughter of Mr. Whitfield, paymaster of the forces, he left no issue, and the title descended to his cousin John, son of John Campbell of Mamore, second son of Archibald, ninth earl of Argyll [q. v.] His whole property in England was left to Mrs. Anne Williams or Shireburn, by whom he had a son, William Campbell, auditor of excise in Scotland, and a colonel in the army.

[Coxe’s Life of Walpole, containing several of his letters ; Lockhart Papers; Culloden Papers; Macpherson’s Original Papers; MSS. Add. 19797, 23251, ff. 46, 48, 50, 58, 22627, f. 23, 22628, ff. 47-52; Douglas’s Peerage of Scotland, i. 114-5; Biog. Brit. (Kippis), iii. 208-9.] 

CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD (fl. 1767), satirist, was a son of Archibald Campbell (d. 1756) [q. v.] His works prove that he was a classical scholar, and he states that he had ‘all his lifetime dabbled in books’ (Lexiphanes, Dedn., p. v); but he became purser of a man-of-war, and remained at sea, leading ‘a wandering and unsettled life.’ In 1745 William Falconer, author of the ‘Shipwreck,’ was serving on board the same ship with him, became his servant, and received some educational help from him (, English Poets, xiv. 381). About 1760, being on a long voyage, Campbell read the ‘Ramblers,’ and staying shortly after at Pensacola wrote there his ‘Lexiphanes’ and ‘Sale of Authors;’ the works remained in manuscript for some two years, till he reached England. ‘Lexiphanes, a Dialogue in imitation of Lucian,’ with a subtitle, saying it was ‘to correct as well as expose the affected style ... of our English Lexiphanes, the Rambler,’ was issued anonymously in March 1767, and was attributed by Hawkins to Kenrick (, Johnson, ii. 55). The ‘Sale of Authors’ followed it in June of the same year. Campbell called Johnson ‘the great corrupter of our taste and language,’ and says, ‘I have endeavour’d to ... hunt down this great unlick’d cub’ (Lexiphanes, preface, p. xxxix). In the ‘Sale of Authors’ the ‘sweetly plaintive Gray’ was put up to auction, with Whitefield, Hervey, Sterne, Hoyle, &c.

‘Lexiphanes’ itself found an imitator in 1770 in Colman, who used that signature to a philological squib (Fugitive Pieces, ii. 92-7); and a fourth edition of the real work, still anonymous, was issued at Dublin in 1774. After this there is no evidence of anything relating to this author. ‘The History of the Man alter God’s own Heart,’ issued anonymously in 1761, generally attributed to Peter Annet [q. v.], is asserted to have been written by Archibald Campbell (Notes and Queries, 1st series, xii. 204, 255), and this view has been adopted in the 1883 edition of Halkett and Laing’s ‘Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature,’ ii. 1160. If so, the ‘Letter to the Rev. Dr. Samuel Chandler, from the Writer of the History of the Man after God’s own Heart,’ is also Campbell’s.

[Lexiphanes and Sale of Authors, Horace Walpole’s copies, Grenville Coll., author’s Prefaces; Walpole’s Letters, Cunningham’s ed. vi. 76 and 80 n.; Boswell’s Johnson, 1823 ed., ii. 55, iv. 359; Anderson’s Life of Johnson, 1815 ed., p. 230 text and note; Chalmers’s English Poets, xiv. 381; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. xii. 204, 255, 3rd ser. iii. 210, 357, xii. 332, 449; Halkett and Laing’s Dict. of Anon. and Pseudon. Lit. ii. 1160, where p. 255 of Notes and Queries (supra) is by error put 205, and p. 1405.] 

CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD (1739–1791), of Inverneil, general and governor of Jamaica and Madras, second son of James Campbell of Inverneil, commissioner of the Western Isles of Scotland, chamberlain of Argyllshire, and hereditary usher of the white rod for Scotland, was born at Inverneil on 21 Aug. 1739. He entered the army in 1757 as a captain in the Fraser Highlanders, when Simon Fraser, the only son of Lord Lovat [q. v.], raised that regiment for service in America by special license from the king on the recommendation of Mr. Pitt. With it he served throughout the campaign in North America, and was wounded at Wolfe’s taking of Quebec in 1758. On the conclusion of the war in 1764 the Fraser Highlanders were disbanded, and Campbell was transferred to the 29th regiment, and afterwards promoted major and lieutenant-colonel in the 42nd Highlanders, with which he served in India until 1773, when he returned to Scotland, and he was elected M.P. for the Stirling burghs in 1774. In 1775 Simon Fraser again raised a regiment of highlanders for service in the American war of independence, and Campbell was selected by him as lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd battalion. On his arrival in America, however, the ship which carried him took him unfortunately into Boston harbour while that city was in the hands of the rebels, and he consequently remained a prisoner until the following year, when he was exchanged for Ethan Allen. On securing his exchange he was appointed a brigadier-general, and took command of an expedition against the state of Georgia. The expedition was entirely successful, and Campbell seized Savannah, which contained forty-five guns and a large quantity of stores, with a loss of only four killed and five