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 and also of the Italian order of St. Michael and St. Lazarus; and he was an honorary member of many of the learned societies of Europe. He received no fewer than thirty diplomas and certificates from various academies and other learned bodies and societies. Bowring was twice married: first, in 1816, to a daughter of Mr. Samuel Lewin, of Hackney, who died in 1858; secondly, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Castle, of Bristol. His eldest son by the former marriage, Mr. J. C. Bowring, presented to the British Museum a fine collection of coleoptera, consisting of more than 84,000 specimens, known by the name of the Bowringian collection. His second son, Mr. Lewin Bowring, was Lord Canning's private secretary through the Indian mutiny of 1857, and held for some time the post of chief commissioner of Mysore and Coorg. A third son, Mr. E. A. Bowring, C.B., represented his native city of Exeter in parliament from 1868 to 1874, and was made companion of the Bath for his services in connection with the Great Exhibition of 1851. He is also known in literature for his translations of Goethe, Schiller, and Heine.

The following is a complete list of the works of Sir John Bowring:
 * 1) 'Some Account of the State of the Prisons in Spain and Portugal,' published in the 'Pamphleteer,' 1813.
 * 2) 'Observations on the State of Religion and Literature in Spain,' published in the series 'New Voyages and Travels,' 1820.
 * 3) 'Contestacion á las Observaciones de Don Juan B. Ogavan sobre la Esclavitud de los Negros,' 1821.
 * 4) 'Observations on the Restrictive and Prohibitory Commercial System from MSS. of Jeremy Bentham,' 1821.
 * 5) 'Details of the Arrest, Imprisonment, and Liberation of an Englishman,' 1823.
 * 6) 'Russian Anthology,' 1820-3.
 * 7) 'Matins and Vespers,' 1823.
 * 8) 'Batavian Anthology,'.
 * 9) 'Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain,' 1824.
 * 10) 'Peter Schlemihl' (translation from Chamisso), 1824.
 * 11) 'Hymns,'.
 * 12) 'Servian Popular Poetry,' 1827.
 * 13) 'Specimens of the Polish Poets,' 1827.
 * 14) 'Sketch of the Language and Literature of Holland, being a Sequel to "Batavian Anthology,"' 1829.
 * 15) 'Poetry of the Magyars,' 1830.
 * 16) 'Cheskian Anthology,' 1832.
 * 17) 'Deontology,' 1834.
 * 18) 'Minor Morals,' 1834-9.
 * 19) 'Observations on Oriental Plague and Quarantines,' 1838.
 * 20) 'The Influence of Knowledge on Domestic and Social Happiness,' 1842.
 * 21) 'Jeremy Bentham's Life and Works,' 1843.
 * 22) 'Manuscript of the Queen's Court; a Collection of old Bohemian Lyrico-epic Songs, with other ancient Bohemian Poems,' 1843.
 * 23) 'A Speech delivered on the occasion of the Opening of the Barker Steam Press,' 1846.
 * 24) 'The Political and Commercial Importance of Peace,' 1846 (?).
 * 25) 'The Decimal System in Numbers, Coins, and Accounts,' 1854.
 * 26) 'The Kingdom and People of Siam,' 1857.
 * 27) 'A Visit to the Philippine Isles,' 1859.
 * 28) 'Ode to the Deity,' translated from the Russian, 1861.
 * 29) 'On Remunerative Prison Labour as an Instrument for promoting the Reformation and diminishing the Cost of Offenders,' 1865.
 * 30) 'Translations from Petöfi,' 1866.
 * 31) 'On Religious Progress beyond the Christian Pale,' 1866.
 * 32) 'Siam and the Siamese,' a discourse in connection with the Sunday Evenings for the People, 1867.
 * 33) 'The Flowery Scroll,' translation of a Chinese novel, 1868.
 * 34) 'The Oak,' original tales and sketches by Sir J. B., &c., 1869.
 * 35) 'A Memorial Volume of Sacred Poetry,' to which is prefixed a memoir of the author by Lady B., 1873.
 * 36) 'Autobiographical Recollections of Sir John Bowring,' 1877.

 BOWTELL, JOHN (1753–1813), topographer, born in the parish of Holy Trinity, Cambridge, in 1753, became a bookbinder and stationer there. He compiled a history of the town, keeping it by him unprinted; collected fossils, manuscripts, and other curiosities; and was a member of the London College Youths. He was also an enthusiastic bell-ringer, and in 1788, at Great St. Mary's, Cambridge, he rang on the 30-cwt. tenor bell as many as 6,609 harmonious changes 'in the method of bob maximus, generally termed "twelve-in."' Bowtell had no family, and dying on 1 Dec. 1813, aged 60, he made the following important bequests for the benefit of Cambridge: 7,000l. to enlarge Addenbrooke's Hospital; 1,000l. to repair Holy Trinity; 500l. to repair St. Michael's; 500l. to apprentice boys belonging to Hobson's workhouse; and his 'History of the Town' and other manuscripts, his books, his fossils, and curiosities, to Downing College. He was buried at St. Michael's, where the Addenbrooke's Hospital governors erected a tablet to his memory. The governors also placed a portrait of him in their court-room.

