Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 06.djvu/85

Bowman 4. , professor of chemistry [q. v.] J. E. Bowman, senior, contributed various papers to the Transactions of the Linnean and other learned societies, and also to London's 'Magazine of Natural History.'

(1814-1883), second son of J. E. Bowman, an architect in Manchester, was joint author with James Hadfield of 'Ecclesiastical Architecture of Great Britain, from the Conquest to the Reformation,' 1845, 4to; and with his partner, J. S. Crowther, of 'The Churches of the Middle Ages,' 1857, fol. He died at Brockham Green, near Reigate, on 14 May 1883.

 BOWMAN, JOHN EDDOWES, the younger (1819–1854), chemist, son of the elder [q. v.], and brother of Sir William Bowman, physiologist and oculist, was born at Welchpool on 7 July 1819. He was a pupil of Professor Daniell at King's College, London, and in 1845 succeeded W. A. Miller as demonstrator of chemistry at that college, becoming subsequently, in 1851, the first professor of practical chemistry there. He was one of the founders of the Chemical Society of London. He died on 10 Feb. 1854. Besides contributions to scientific journals, he published 'A Lecture on Steam Boiler Explosions,' 1845; 'An Introduction to Practical Chemistry' (London, 1848; subsequent editions in 1854, 1858, 1861, 1866, and 1871); and 'A Practical Handbook of Medical Chemistry' (London, 1850, 1852, 1855, and 1862). The later editions of these works are edited by C. L. Bloxam.

 BOWMAN, WALTER (d. 1782), antiquary, was a native of Scotland, and owned an estate at Logie in Fifeshire. He had been travelling tutor to the eldest son of the first Marquis of Hertford, and was rewarded with the place of comptroller of the port of Bristol. For many years he resided at East Molesey, Surrey, but latterly on his property at Egham, in the same county. A zealous traveller and collector, he had some celebrity in his day as a virtuoso and man of science, which gained him admission in 1735 to the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1742 to the Royal Society. To the former he contributed several papers, chiefly on classical antiquities, three of which were printed in vol. i. of the 'Archæologia,' pp. 100, 109, 112. His only published communication to the Royal Society was an eccentric letter addressed to Dr. Stephen Hales, on an earthquake felt at East Molesey 14 March 1749-50, which appeared in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' xlvi. 684. Bowman had withdrawn from both societies several years before his death, in February 1782. In his will (proved 16 March of that year) he left singularly minute and whimsical directions regarding the arrangement and preservation of his fine library at Logie, where the family still continues to flourish.

 BOWNAS, SAMUEL (1676 – 1753), quaker minister and writer, was born at Shap, Westmoreland, on 20 Nov. 1676. His father, a shoemaker, died within a month of Samuel's birth, leaving his mother a house to live in and a yearly income of about 4l. 10s.; there was another son about seven years old. Hence Bownas got little education; in fact, he could just read and write. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to his uncle, a blacksmith, who used him harshly; afterwards to Samuel Parat, a quaker, near Sedbergh, Yorkshire. Bownas's father had been a persecuted quaker, who held meetings in his house; his mother brought him up with a deep regard for his father's memory, and took him as a child to visit quaker prisoners in Appleby gaol. But the lad was fonder of fun than of meetings, and grew up, as he says, 'a witty sensible young man.' The preaching of a young quakeress, named Anne Wilson, roused him from the state of 'a traditional quaker,' and he very shortly after opened his mouth in meeting, 'on that called Christmas day,' about 1696. He had still some three years of his apprenticeship to serve; on its expiry he got a certificate from Brigflats monthly meeting to visit Scotland on a religious mission. His heart failed him while on the way, and the work fell to a companion, but he made missionary visits to many parts of England and Wales, supporting himself by harvest work. At Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, he met with his future wife. He started for Scotland in good earnest on 11 Aug. 1701. Of this journey he gives a graphic account, telling