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 in attaining perfection; and who, soaring above their modest timidity, has transferred the vigour of Raphael to her copies in water colours'—was the daughter and coheir of James Smyth. In 1760 she married Sir Charles Bingham, hart. (1735-1799), created (1776) Baron Lucan of Castlebar, county Mayo, and in 1795 Earl of Lucan. There are frequent allusions to her in Walpole's letters, and in the memoirs of Mrs. Delany. 'Mrs. Delany used to admire and wonder at her talent for painting, and yet her want of eye for drawing, as she would often totally mistake the distance between one feature and another (till it was pointed out to her) and yet imitate colouring and fuiish to perfection.' Horace Wal])ole becomes somewhat silly upon the subject of her perfections, and is laughed at therefore by Peter Pindar. In one place he writes: 'Lady Bingham is, I assure you, another miracle;' in another: 'They are so amazed and charmed at Paris with Lady Bingham's miniatures, that the Duke of Orleans has given her a room at the Palais Royal to copy which of his pictures she pleases.' She seems, indeed, to have been a clever amateur, but of little originality, and not careful, as the above-quoted criticism would show, to be exact in her drawing. She spent much time upon a great work, the embellishment of Shakespeare's historical plays. Of this monumental labour an account is preserved in Dibdin's 'Ædes Althorpianæ' (i. 200): 'During sixteen years this accomplished lady pursued the pleasurable toil of illustration, having commenced in her fiftieth and finished in her sixty-sixth year. Whatever of taste, beauty, and judgment in decoration, by means of portraits, landscapes, houses and tombs, flowers, birds, insects, heraldic ornaments and devices, could dress our immortal bard in a yet more fascinating form, has been accomplished by a noble hand which undertook a Herculean task, and with a truth, delicacy, and finish of execution which have been very rarely imitated.' The work was completed in five volumes. The binding was by Herring, and was considered his best work. The colophon of the last volume has a portrait of Lucan, with attendant virtues, drawn by her daughter, Lady Lavinia Spencer. This work is preserved in the library of Althorp. She died on 27 Feb. 1814, leaving five children: Lavinia, who married the second Earl Spencer in 1781; Eleanor Margaret, married Thomas Lindsay, Esq.; Louisa and Anne, both died unmarried; and Richard, second Earl Lucan, an only son and heir.



BINGHAM, PEREGRINE, the elder (1754–1826), biographer and poet, was son of, B.D., rector of Pimperne, Dorsetshire [q. v.] He was educated at New College, Oxford (B.C.L. 1780); became rector of Edmondsham, Dorset, in 1782, and of Berwick St. John, Wiltshire, in 1817. At one time he was chaplain of H.M.S. Agincourt. He died on 28 May 1826, aged 72.

He wrote Memoirs of his father, prefixed to 'Dissertations, Essays, and Sermons, by the late George Bingham, B.D.,' 2 vols., 1804. These Memoirs, which are abridged in Hutchins's 'Dorset,' new edit. iv. 201, gave rise to a controversy between the author and the rector of Critchill (Gent. Mag. lxxv. 445). Bingham also wrote 'The Pains of Memory, a poem, in two books,' London, 1811, 12mo, 2nd edit., with vignettes, 1812.



BINGHAM, PEREGRINE, the younger (1788–1864), legal writer, was the eldest son of the elder [q. v.], by Amy, daughter of William Bowles. He was educated at Winchester School and Magdalen College, Oxford (B.A. 1810), was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1818, and was for many years a legal reporter. He also took great interest in literature, and was one of the principal contributors to the 'Westminster Review,' which was established in 1824. John Stuart Mill in describing the appearance of the first number says: 'The literary and artistic department had rested chiefly on Mr. Bingham, a barrister (subsequently a police magistrate), who had been for some years a frequenter of Bentham, was a friend of both the Austins, and had adopted with great ardour Bentham's philosophical opinions. Partly from accident there were in the first number as many as five articles by Bingham, and we were extremely pleased with them.' He edited Bentham's 'Book of Fallacies.'

Bingham became one of the police magistrates at Great Marlborough Street, and resigned that appointment about four years before his death, which occurred on 2 Nov. 1864. His works are:
 * 1) 'The Law and Practice of Judgments and Executions, including extents at the suit of the Crown,' London, 1815, 8vo.
 * 2) 'The Law of Infancy and Coverture,'