Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 05.djvu/410

 Charles I and the Covenanters in the Earl Marshal’s Tent near Berwick, on 11 June 1639.' In Lord Hardwicke`s State Papers, ii. 130. 4. ‘Articles of the Treaty between the Commissioners of England and Scotland, 1640–41,' Harl. MS. 455. 5. ‘Minutes of what passed in the Great Councell of the Peers at Yorke from 25 Sept. to 27 Oct. 1640, Harl. MS. 456; printed in Lord Hardwicke’s State Papers, ii. 208–298. 6. ‘Notes of the Treaty carried on at Ripon, between King Charles I and the Covenanters of Scotland, A.D. 1640,’ London, 1869, 4to, edited for the Camden Society by John Bunce, from the original manuscript in the possession of Lieutenant-colonel Carew. 7. ‘Minutes of the Treaty between the English and Scots held at London; from 10 Nov. 1640 to 12 Aug, 1641,' Harl. MS. 457. 8. ‘Burrhi Impetus Juveniles. Et quædam sedatiorisaliquantulùm animi Epistolæ,' Oxford, 1643, 12mo; reprinted at the end of ‘A. Gislenii Busbequii Omnia quæ extant,’ Oxford, 1660, 16mo. Most of the letters are written to Philip Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon (Lord Verulam), Thomas Farnabie, Thomas Coppin, and Sir Henr Spelman. 9. ‘Observations concerning the Nobilitie of England, auntient and moderne,’ Harl, MS. 1849. 10. ‘Commentary on the Formulary for Combats before the Constable and Marshal,' manuscript in the Inner Temple Library. 11. ‘Various interesting letters from the royal camp preserved among the State Papers.'

 BOROUGH, STEPHEN (1525–1584), navigator, was born on an estate of the some name in the parish of Northam, Devonshire, on 25 Sept. 1525. His name is first met with as one of the twelve ‘counsellors’ appointed in the first voyage of the English to Russia in 1553. On the setting forth of the fleet of three ships Borough was appointed to serve under Richard Chancellor, pilot-general of the fleet, as master in the Edward Bonaventure of 160 tons, the largest ship of the fleet. The tragic end of Sir Hugh Willoughby and his crew of the Bona Esperanza is too well known to repeat here; the only ship that returned in safety was the one navigated by Borough, who in this voyage first observed and named the North Cape. As recorded upon his monument in Chatham Church, it may he fairly claimed for him, as for Chancellor, that ‘he in his lifetime discouered Moscouia, by the Northerne sea passage to St. Nicholas, in the yeere 1553.' In Chancellor's second voyage to Russia in the same ship, along with the Phillip and Mary, in 1555, Borough's services were replaced by those of another sailing-master, while he himself found employment at home (, 117), probably in preparing for the expedition of the following year. Of this he left us the following record: ‘The Navigation and discourie toward the river of Ob (Obi), made by Master Steuen Burrough, Master of the Pinesse called the Serchthrift, with diuers things worth the noting, passed in the yere 1556.' To this is added ‘Certaine notes imperfectly written by Richard Johnson, seruant to Master Richard Chancelour, which was in the discouerie of Vaigatz and Nova Zembla, with Steuen Burrowe in the Serchrift.’ The outcome of this most interesting voyage was the discovery of the entrance to the Kara Sen, the strait between Nova Zenibla and the island of Waigats leading thereto still bearing the name Burrough. Adverse winds and the lateness of the year preventin Borough from reaching the Obi, he worked his way back to the White Sea and the Northern Dwina, arriving at Kholmogro on 11 Sept., where he wintered. In the following May he set out on ‘The voyage of the foresaid M. Stephen Burrough [also in the Searchthrift], Anno 1557, from Cholmogro to Wardhouse, which was sent to seeke the Bona Esperanza, the Bona Confidentia, and the Phillip and Mary, which were not heard of the yeere before’ (, i. 290–295). After a careful exploration of the coast of Lapland he reached Wardhouse (Vardhus) on 28 June. Failing to glean any tidings of the missing ships here after a stay of two days, he returned once more towards Kholmogro, On 30 June he arrived off Point Kegor (Kekourski), on what is now known as Ribachi, or Fisher Island, in Russian Finland. Here he anchored in Vaid Bay, where he found four or five Norwegian vessels, either manned or chartered by Dutchmen, whom he found trading, among other things, in strong beer with the Lapps for stock-fish. Of this Borough quaintly writes: ‘The Dutchman bring hither mighty strong beere; I am certaine that our English double beere would not be liked of the Kerils and Lappians as long as that would last.’ Here he learned the fate of two of the missing ships, hmring nothing of the Bona Esperanza until a later period. He was informed by the son of the burgomaster of Dronton (Throndhjem) that the Bona Confidentia was