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 customs. The shortcomings of Bentham do not veil his transcendent services. He loved truth. He was single-minded in seeking it. He put abroad a questioning spirit which has conferred immense benefits on mankind, and the wisdom in his works is not yet fully utilised. Perhaps the final estimate of him will not be different from that which Mr. J. S. Mill has expressed: 'There is hardly anything in Bentham's philosophy which is not true. The bad part of his writings is his resolute denial of all that he does not see, of all truths but those which he recognises ' (Dissertations, i. 356).

The following is a list of most of Bentham's published works, classified in a manner suggested in Von Mohl's 'Staatswissenschaft,' iii. 607, where there is a full, and on the whole accurate, account of Bentham's works : 1. 'Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,' printed 1730, published 1789 ; vol. i. of 'Collected Works.' As to French, German, and Spanish editions, see Von Mold, 610. 2. 'A Table of the Springs of Action,' printed 1815, published 1817 ; 'Works,' i. 195. 3. 'Deontology, or the Science of Morality,' arranged and edited by John Bowring, 1834 ; French, German, and Spanish translations. It is doubtful how far this work represents Bentham's thoughts. 4. 'Essay on the Influence of Time and Place in Legislation,' i. 169. 5. 'Nomography, or the Art of Inditing Laws,' iii. 231. 6. 'Essay on the Promulgation of Laws and the Reason thereof,' edited from the French of Dumont and the original manuscripts, i. 155. 7. 'Truth v. Ashhurst,' written 1792, printed 1823, v. 231. 8. 'A General View of a Complete Code,' iii. 155. 9. 'Pannomial Fragments,' written at various times, some of it as late as 1831, iii. 211. 10. 'Papers relative to Codification and Public Instruction,' 1817, iv. 451. 11. 'Codification Proposal addressed to all Nations professing Liberal Opinions,' 1822 ; Supplement, 1827, iv. 537. 12. 'Justice and Codification Petitions,' 1829, v. 535. 13. 'Equity Despatch Court Proposal,' 1830, iii. 299. 14. 'Summary View of a Plan of Judiciary,' 1831, v. 55. 15. 'The Bankruptcy Bill; Lord Brougham Displayed,' 1832, v. 549. 16. 'Scotch Reform,' 1808, v. 1. 17. 'Original Draught of a Code for the Organisation of the Judicial Establishment in France,' printed 1790, iv. 285. 18. 'Principles of Judicial Procedure,' written 1802-27, ii. 1. 19. 'Indications respecting Lord Eldon, including History of the pending Judges' Salary-raising Bill,' 1825, v. 348. 20. 'An introductory View of the Rationale of Evidence,' vi. 1. 21. 'Rationale of Judicial Evidence specially applied to English Practice,' 1827, vi.l. M. Dumont published in 1823 'Traité des Preuves Judiciaires.' 22. 'The Elements of the Art of Packing as applied to Special Juries,' printed 1821. (: 23. 'Principles of Penal Code,' i. 365 ; this is the basis of Dumont's work published in 1811, 'Traité des Peines et des Recompenses.' 24. 'J. B. to his Fellow-Citizens on the Punishment of Death,' 1831, i. 525. 25. 'Letters to Count Torreno on the proposed Penal Code of the Spanish Cortes,' 1821, printed 1822, viii. 487. 26. 'Observations on Mr. Secretary Peel's Speech introducing his Police Magistrates' Salary-raising Bill,' 1825 ('The Pamphleteer'). 27. 'The King against Edmund and others ; the King against Sir Charles Wolesely and J. Harrison,' printed 1820, v. 239. 28. 'A View of the Hard Labour Bill,' published 1778, iv. 1. 29. 'Panopticon, a Series of Letters,' written 1787, first appeared 1791, iv. 37. 30. 'Law as to Civil Rights ; a commentary on Humphrey's Real Property Code, 'Westminster Review,' 1826, v. 387. 31. 'A Plea for the Constitution,' 1803, iv. 249. 32. ' Outline of a Plan for a General Register of Real Property communicated to Real Property Commissioners,' printed in their Rejwrt, 1822, v. 418. Constitutional Law : 33. 'Principles of the Civil Code,' i. 297. 34. ' A Fragment on Gout,' 1776, i. 221. iVi. ' A Book of Fallacies, edited by a Friend,' 1824 ; it was the basis of Dumont's 'Traité des Sophismes Politiques,' ii. 189. 36. * Anarchical Fallacies,' ji. 489. 37. 'Leading Principles of a Constitutional Code for any State' ('Pamphleteer'), 1823, ii. 269. 38. 'TheConstitutionalCode,' 1830, ix. 1. 39. 'Essay on Political Tactics,' first published in 'Tactique des Assemblies Legislatives' (1816), ii. 299. 40. ' Plan of Parliamentary Reform,' 1817, iii. 433. 41. Radicalism not Dangerous,' written 1820-22, iii. 599. 42. 'Radical Reform Bill,' 1819. 43. 'Parliamentary Candidates' Catechism ; or a List proposed for Parliamentary Candidates,' 1831. 44. 'J. B. to his Fellow-Citizens of France on Houses of Peers and Senates,' 1830, iv. 419. 45. 'Draught of a New Plan for the Judicial Establishment in France,' 1790, iv. 287. 46. 'Three Tracts relative to Spanish and Portuguese Affairs,' 1821, viii. 463. 47. 'On the Liberty of the Press,' 1821, ii. 275. 48. ^ Securities against Misrule adapted to a Mahommedan St4ite,' viii. 553. 49. 'The Rationale of Reward,' first published by Dumont in 'Théorie des Peines et des Recompenses,' 1811 ; in English, 1825 ; ii. 189. 50. 'Swear not at all,' printed 1813, published 1817, V. 187. : 51. 'Emancipate your Colonies,' 1830, iv. 407. 62. 'Tracts on Poor Laws, in French, 