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 silenced him, and put down his lecture, for refusing (absolute) subscription. Unhappily the archbishop, when appealed to, heard the story from his chancellor only, and Baynes was thus perforce made a nonconformist. He preached here and there as opportunity was given, and fell into extreme poverty. A little volume of ‘Letters’ remains to prove how wise and comforting he was to multitudes who resorted to him for guidance. The bishops held such visits to his own house to constitute it a ‘conventicle.’ On this ground he was summoned before the council by Harsnet, but no verdict was pronounced against him in consequence of the profound impression which his speech made on the council. In his old age, he was the honoured guest of puritan gentlemen all over England. He died at Cambridge in 1617. Fuller, Sibbes, and Clark unite in estimating him as a man of great learning. His writings were all published posthumously. They are: Many sermons by Baynes were also published separately.
 * 1) ‘A Commentary on the first chapter of the Ephesians, handling the Controversy of Predestination,’ Lond. 1618.
 * 2) ‘Devotions unto a Godly Life,’ Lond. 1618.
 * 3) ‘Soliloquies provoking to true Repentance,’ 1618 and 1620.
 * 4) ‘A Caveat for Cold Christians, in a Sermon,’ Lond. 1618.
 * 5) ‘Holy Helper in God's Building,’ 1618.
 * 6) ‘Discourse on the Lord's Prayer,’ 1619.
 * 7) ‘Christian Letters,’ Lond. 1619.
 * 8) ‘The Diocesans Tryall, wherein all the Sinnewes of Dr. Downham's Defence are brought into Three Heads and orderly dissolved,’ 1621, 1644.
 * 9) ‘Help to True Happiness,’ 3rd ed. 1635.
 * 10) ‘A Commentarie on the first and second chapters of Saint Paul to the Colossians,’ 1634.
 * 11) ‘Briefe Directions unto a Godly Life,’ 1637.
 * 12) ‘Letters of Consolation,’ 1637. Baynes's magnum opus was:
 * 13) . his ‘Commentary’ on St. Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians (1643)—a still prized folio.



BAYNES, RALPH (d. 1559), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, a native of Knowsthorp in Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, proceeded B.A. in 1517–1518, and was ordained priest at Ely on 23 April 1519, being then a fellow of St. John's on Bishop Fisher's foundation. He took the degree of M.A. in 1521, was appointed one of the university preachers in 1527, and was collated to the rectory of Hardwicke in Cambridgeshire, which he resigned in 1544. He was a zealous opponent of Hugh Latimer at Cambridge. Afterwards he went to Paris, and was appointed professor of Hebrew in that university. He continued abroad till the accession of Queen Mary, when he returned to England. On 18 Nov. 1554 he was consecrated bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. In 1555 he commenced D.D. at Cambridge. He assisted at the trials of Hooper, Rogers, and Taylor for heresy (, Memorials, folio ed. i. 180–3), and took a leading part in the persecution of the protestants. Fuller says ‘his greatest commendation is, that though as bad a bishop as Christopherson, he was better than Bonner’ (Worthies, ed. Nichols, ii. 503). He was one of the eight catholics who took part in the conference on controverted doctrines that was held at Westminster in March 1558–9 by order of the privy council (, Annals, i. 87, 90), and on 21 June 1559 he was deprived of his bishopric by the royal commissioners, who went into the city of London to tender the oath of allegiance and supremacy (id. i. 141). Subsequently he lived for a short time in the house of Grindal, bishop of London. He died of the stone at Islington on 18 Nov. 1559, and was buried in the church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London.

Baynes was one of the chief restorers of Hebrew learning in this country, and was also well versed in Latin and Greek. His works are: 1. ‘Prima Rudimenta in Linguam Hebraicam,’ Paris, 1550, 4to. 2. ‘Compendium Michlol, hoc est, absolutissimæ grammatices Davidis Chimhi,’ Paris, 4to, 1554. 3. ‘In Proverbia Salamonis,’ Paris, 1555, fol. Addressed to Henry II, king of France.



BAYNES, ROGER (1546–1623), secretary to Cardinal Allen, was born in England in 1546. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth he abjured the protestant religion and proceeded to the English college at Rheims, where he arrived on 4 July 1579. In that year he accompanied Dr. Allen to Rome, and when that divine was raised to the cardinalate he became his secretary and major-domo. After the cardinal's death he gave himself up to religious exercises. He died on 9 Oct. 1623, and was buried in the English college at Rome, where a monument to his memory was erected. The epitaph styles