Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 03.djvu/451

Bayley Ratcliff Highway, London, whence he removed about 1857 to Hereford, where he remained until his death on 14 Nov. 1859. He died of apoplexy. He was the author of: 1. ‘A History of Louth.’ 2. ‘Nature considered as a Revelation, in two parts: part i. being an argument to prove that nature ought to be regarded as a revelation; part ii. furnishing specimens of the manner in which the material revelation may be explained,’ 1836, 12mo; a small work of no pretensions to either a scientific or a philosophical character. 3. ‘Lectures on the Early History of the Christian Church.’ 4. ‘A new Concordance to the Hebrew Bible juxta editionem Hooghtianam, and accommodated to the English version.’ 1 vol. 8vo, with a dedication to the Lord Bishop of Lincoln. 5. ‘Two Lectures on the Educational Question delivered in the Town Hall, Sheffield.’ 6. ‘A course of Lectures on the Inspiration of the Scriptures,’ 1852, 12mo; and other lectures and sermons.

[Gent. Mag. (Feb. 1860), 186; Brit. Mus. Cat.]  BAYLEY, THOMAS (1582–1663), puritan divine. [See .]

BAYLEY, THOMAS BUTTERWORTH (1744–1802), agriculturist and philanthropist, was descended from an old Lancashire family of good position, and his mother was one of the Dukinfields of Dukinfield, Cheshire. Shortly after completing his education at the university of Edinburgh, he was chosen a justice of the peace for the county palatine of Lancaster. The reputation acquired by him in this office for prudence, judgment, and legal knowledge led to his being appointed a few years afterwards perpetual chairman of the quarter sessions. Owing principally to his exertions, a gaol and penitentiary-house for Manchester, on improved principles, was erected in 1787. In his honour, not in allusion, as has been sometimes supposed, to the Old Bailey in London, it was named the New Bayley. The building was pulled down in 1873. So successful were the improvements introduced in its construction, and in that of the county gaol at Lancaster, that Bayley was consulted in regard to the erection and improvement of prisons throughout the kingdom. He also took an active interest in sanitary reform, and in schemes for improving the general condition of the poor. In 1796 he was successful in obtaining in Manchester the establishment of a board of health, of which he was chosen chairman. He was one of the founders of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, and of a college of arts and sciences, which, however, was afterwards abandoned. Much of his spare time he devoted to agriculture, and to his farm of Hope near Manchester introduced various new agricultural methods, including an improved system of sod draining. In regard to this he wrote a pamphlet entitled ‘On a Cheap and Expeditious Method of Draining Land,’ which was published in Hunter's ‘Georgical Essays,’ vol. iv. (1772), and vol. i. (1803). He was also the author of ‘Observations on the General Highway and Turnpike Acts,’ 1773. He died at Buxton on 24 June 1802.

[Gent. Mag. lxxii. 777; Biographical Memoirs of Thomas Butterworth Bayley, Esq., by Thomas Percival, M.D., 1802, which is also included in the Collected Works of Percival (1807), ii. 289–305.]  BAYLEY, WALTER (1529–1593), physician, called in Latin Bailæus and in English books also Baley and Baily, was born at Portsham, Dorset, in which county his father was a squire. He was educated at Winchester school, and became a fellow of New College in 1550. He graduated M.B. 1557, and M.D. 1563. He was already in holy orders, and was a canon of Wells until 1579. In 1561 he had been appointed regius professor of physic at Oxford. Queen Elizabeth made him one of her physicians, he entered the service of the Earl of Leicester, and was elected fellow of the College of Physicians in 1581. He enjoyed large practice, and died in 1592–3. He is buried in the Chapel of New College, and his son William put up a tablet to his memory. In 1587 he published ‘A Brief Discours of certain Bathes … in the Countie of Warwicke neere … Newnam Regis,’ but ‘A Brief Treatise of the Preservation of the Eyesight’ is the best known of Dr. Bayley's works. It appeared in 1586, and was reprinted in 1616 at Oxford. The book contains but one observation of his own, recording how one Hoorde preserved his sight till over eighty-four years of age: ‘hee told me that about the age of forty years, finding his sight to decay, he did use eye-bright in ale for his drinke, and did also eate the powder thereof in an egge three daies in a weeke, being so taught of his father, who by the like order continued his sight in good integrity to a very long age.’ Of general history the only fact to be learned from the book is that a new method of brewing had come in in Queen Elizabeth's reign, and that some still preferred ale ‘made with grout according