Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 03.djvu/433

Baxter to render personal aid to the project, the foundation of the University College, Dundee, by his relatives may be regarded as possibly an important step towards its realisation. Towards the purchase of buildings and general equipment of this college, a sister of Sir David, who died unmarried on 19 Dec. 1884, contributed 150,000l. (Times, 20 Dec. 1884).

[Thomson's History of Dundee, revised and continued to the present time by James Maclaren (1874); Norrie's Dundee Celebrities of the Nineteenth Century (1873).]  BAXTER, EVAN BUCHANAN, M.D. (1844–1885), physician, was born in 1844 at St. Petersburg, where his father, James Baxter, had resided for some years as a high official in the education department of the Russian government service. His father also directed the English school at St. Petersburg during his residence there, and in this institution Evan began his education. Soon afterwards, on being appointed government inspector of schools in the province of Podolsk, Russian Poland, his father took up his residence at Kaminetz, where Evan was brought up and educated till the age of sixteen under the care of his parent and an old French tutor. In 1861 he came to England and entered the general literature and science department of King's College, London. The next year he obtained an open scholarship in classics at Lincoln College, Oxford, and stayed there for three terms. His university career, however, was interrupted by the illness and death of his father. He returned to Russia to nurse and attend him. On coming back he resolved not to return to Oxford. He had become a positivist. ‘The only profession,’ he said, ‘which attracted me was that of medicine, holding out, as it did, an opportunity for the study of physical science and a hope of comparative intellectual freedom.’

In October 1864 he entered the medical department of King's College, London, and obtained the first Warneford scholarship on his entrance. In 1865 he was elected a junior scholar, and in the same year he carried off the Dasent prize with an essay on ‘The Minor Poems of Milton.’ In 1868 he was appointed assistant house-physician to King's College Hospital, in 1868–9 he filled the office of house-physician, and in 1869 he gained the first Warneford prize. In 1870 and 1871 he became Sambrooke medical registrar to King's College Hospital. It was at this time that he began to be appreciated not only as a man of the first intellectual calibre, but also as a great teacher and an extraordinary careful clinical observer. In 1865 he matriculated in honours at the university of London, and in 1869 graduated M.B., and M.D. in 1870, with high honours. In 1871 he was appointed medical tutor at King's College, and he held this post until 1874, when he was chosen as the successor to Professor Garrod in the chair of materia medica and therapeutics, and as an assistant physician to King's College Hospital; and these offices he held till a month or two before his death. In 1872 he became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, and in 1877 he was elected a fellow. Subsequently he was appointed an examiner in materia medica and therapeutics, and he also filled for five years the corresponding office in the university of London. In 1881 he was appointed physician to the Royal Free Hospital. He died at his residence, Weymouth Street, Portland Place, London, on 14 Jan. 1885.

Baxter translated Rindfleisch's ‘Pathological Histology’ for the New Sydenham Society; prepared the fourth edition of Garrod's ‘Essentials of Materia Medica;’ and made some valuable experiments on ‘The Action of the Chinchona Alkaloids and their Congeners on Bacteria and Colourless Blood Corpuscles’ described in the ‘Practitioner,’ 1873. He also drew up an able ‘Report on the Experimental Study of certain Disinfectants’ printed in the ‘Privy Council Reports’ (new series), 1875; and contributed a remarkable article to the ‘British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review’ in 1877 on the vaso-motor nervous system. His minor writings include a series of physiological notes which he contributed to the ‘Academy’ for many years.

[Lancet, 24 Jan. 1885, p. 181; Times, 16 Jan. 1885; Medical Directory (1884), 75.]  BAXTER, JOHN (1781–1858), printer and publisher, was born at Rickhurst, Surrey, 20 Oct. 1781. Early in life he settled in Lewes as a bookseller and printer. He was the first printer to use the inking roller, which was made under his superintendence by a saddler at Lewes. Robert Harrild, who assisted him in his experiments, afterwards brought out a patent for the composition roller, and realised by it a handsome fortune. Among the earliest of Baxter's enterprises was the publication of a large quarto Bible, annotated by the Rev. John Styles, D.D., and illustrated with wood engravings. This work, known as Baxter's Bible, met with an immense sale, especially in America. His other publications include several important works on the topography of Sussex, and ‘The Library of Agricultural 