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 1850 he was again at Vienna, Venice, and Florence. In 1851 Barlow returned to England, where he published a little work entitled ‘Industry on Christian Principles,’ 8vo, London, 1851. In 1852 he was in Paris, engaged in the examination of the ‘Codici’ of Dante in the various libraries. He afterwards collated above 150 other manuscripts in Italy, Germany, Denmark, and England. In 1853 Barlow was in Germany, prosecuting his favourite studies; in the autumn of 1854 in the south of France; in 1856 in Denmark and Sweden; and, revisiting Edinburgh in 1857, was thence attracted to Manchester by the Art Treasures' Exhibition of that year. About this time he published at London ‘Letteratura Dantesca: Remarks on the Reading of the 114th Verse of the 7th Canto of the Paradise of the “Divina Commedia”’ (1857), and two years afterwards ‘Francesca da Rimini, her Lament and Vindication; with a brief Notice of the Malatesti’ (1859, 2nd edition, 1875). An Italian translation, ‘Francesca da Rimini, suo Lamento e Difesa,’ &c., in Dr. Filippo Scolari's ‘Esercitazioni Dantesche,’ appeared at Venice in 1865. Barlow published in 1862 ‘Il Gran Rifiuto, what it was, who made it, and how fatal to Dante Allighieri,’ ‘a dissertation on verses 58 to 63 of the 3rd canto of the “Inferno,”’ of which an Italian translation by G. G[uiscardi] appeared at Naples in 1864. Barlow also issued in 1862 ‘Il Conte Ugolino e l'Arcivescovo Ruggieri: a Sketch from the Pisan Chronicles,’ and a fragment of English history, entitled ‘The Young King and Bertrand de Born,’ from which the author deduced an amended reading in line 135 of the 28th canto of the ‘Inferno.’ In 1864 Barlow published the final result of his laborious work on the ‘Divina Commedia,’ ‘Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the “Divina Commedia.”’ In the celebration of the sixth centenary of Dante's birth (14–16 May 1865), at Florence, Barlow took a prominent part, and described the festival in his ‘Sixth Centenary Festivals of Dante Allighieri in Florence and at Ravenna. By a Representative’ (London, 1866). Barlow was also present for a time at the festival which took place at Ravenna on 24–26 June following, in consequence of the recent discovery there of the bones of Dante. Before the first of these two celebrations the king of Italy bestowed upon Barlow the title of Cavahere dell' Ordine dei SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro. After the Dante commemoration he spent his time in studious seclusion and studious travel at home and abroad. He died, whilst on a foreign tour, at Salzburg, on Wednesday, 8 Nov. 1876. He was at the time a fellow or member of many learned societies in England, Italy, and Germany. He read a paper, which he had been contemplating since 1854, at the Royal Institute of British Architects, on ‘Symbolism in reference to Art’ (1860), and an article of his on ‘Sacred Trees’ was reprinted ‘for private circulation’ from the ‘Journal of Sacred Literature’ for July 1862. These papers, with a third, on the ‘Art History of the Tree of Life,’ originally read, 11 May 1859, before the Royal Society of Literature, were collected in a volume entitled ‘Essays on Symbolism,’ and published in 1866. He was a prolific contributor to the ‘Athenæum,’ to which he communicated some fifty articles on ‘subjects in reference to Dante and Italy.’ He was a constant correspondent of the ‘Morning Post,’ to which, besides articles referring to Dante, he addressed over forty ‘Letters on the National Gallery,’ 1849–67, as well as ‘Letters on the British Museum’ and ‘Letters on the Crystal Palace at Sydenham.’ His writings as poet, critic, and student are very numerous. He was the author of an inaugural ‘Dissertation on the Causes and Effects of Disease, considered in reference to the Moral Constitution of Man’ (Edinburgh, 1837); and he left several treatises in manuscript, one of which, the ‘Harmony of Creation and Redemption,’ 4 vols., folio, was placed thirteenth amongst the essays of over two hundred candidates for the great Burnett theological prize awarded at Aberdeen in 1854. Barlow left by will 1,000l. consols to University College, London, for the endowment of an annual course of lectures on the ‘Divina Commedia,’ as well as all the books, prints, &c. in his library which related to Dante and Italian history and literature. He also left 500l. consols to the Geological Society for the furtherance of geological science.



BARLOW, PETER (1776–1862), mathematician, physicist, and optician, was born at Norwich in October 1776. He began life in an obscure mercantile situation; he then kept a school, and having by his own exertions attained considerable scientific knowledge, he became a regular correspondent of the ‘Ladies' Diary,’ then under the management