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 of considerably earlier origin. Baltzar's works consist almost entirely, so far as is known, of suites for strings; four of these are in the Music School Library, Oxford. Playford's 'Division Violin' is said to contain all that was printed of his composition. Burney refers (article in Ree's Encyclopædia) to a manuscript collection of solos in his possession.

 BALUN, JOHN [See Baalun, John de (DNB00).]  BALY, WILLIAM, M.D. (1814–1861), physician, was born at King's Lynn, Norfolk, in 1814, and educated in the grammar school there. In 1831 he entered as a pupil University College, London, and in 1832 St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1834, after passing the College of Surgeons and the Apothecaries' Hall, Baly went to Paris, after a winter's study there, to Heidelberg, and thence to Berlin, where he graduated M.D. in 1836. On his return to England he started in practice in Vigo Street, London, removing subsequently to Devonshire Street, and finally to Brook Street. In 1840, he reported on the state of the Millbank Penitentiary, and in 1841 he was appointed physician to that establishment. He often acted as a principal adviser of the government on the hygiene of prisons. The chief results of his studies at the prison are comprised in his numerous reports, but more especially in an elaborate paper on the 'Diseases of Prisons' in vol. xxviii. of the 'Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,' and in his 'Gulstonian Lectures on Dysentery,' 1847. In addition to the minute knowledge which these lectures show of dysentery proper, they prove that Baly was the first to observe the fact that dysenteric sloughs in the large intestine may be associated with the true ulcers of enteric fever in the small intestine. To the same studies also may be referred much of the knowledge displayed in his 'Report on Cholera,' written at the desire of the College of Physicians. In 1841 Dr. Baly became lecturer on forensic medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1846 he was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians, and in 1847 a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1854 he became assistant-physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in 1855, in conjunction with Dr. (now Sir) George Burrows, lecturer on medicine there. In 1859, when a physician was required who might share with Sir James Clark the office of regular attendant on the queen and royal family, Dr. Baly was selected as the fittest person. Afterwards he discharged the duties of censor of the College of Physicians, and he was nominated to a seat on the medical council as one of the representatives of the crown in the place of Sir James Clark. Dr. Baly had come to be regarded as one of the brightest ornaments of the medical profession when his career was brought to a sudden and tragical end, for on 28 Jan. 1861 he was crushed to death in a railway accident on the South-Western line near Wimbledon.

Besides the above-mentioned works he published:
 * 1) A translation from the German of Müller's 'Elements of Physiology,' 2 vols. 1837.
 * 2) 'Recent Advances in the Physiology of Motion, the Senses, Generation, and Development. Being a supplement to the 2nd vol. of Professor Müller's "Elements of Physiology,"' London, 1848, 8vo (conjointly with William Senhouse Kirkes).
 * 3) 'Reports on Epidemic Cholera,' 2 parts, London, 1854, 8vo (conjointly with Dr. (now Sir) W. W. Gull).

 BAMBRIDGE, CHRISTOPHER, cardinal. [See .]  BAMBRIDGE, THOMAS (fl. 1729), warden of the Fleet prison, is notorious for atrocious cruelties to the prisoners under his charge. By profession Bambridge was an attorney. In August 1728 John Huggins sold the office of warden of the Fleet to Bambridge and Dougal Cuthbert for 5,000l. A committee was appointed by the House of Commons on the motion of James Oglethorpe on 25 Feb. 1728-9 to inquire into the state of the gaols of the kingdom, which had been for a long time a disgrace to the country'. On the 28th the chairman reported to the house that Bambridge had treated the order of its committee with contempt, and it was thereupon ordered that he should be taken into custody. On 20 March the report of the committee was read, and it was resolved by the house, 'That Thomas Bambridge, the acting warden of the prison of the Fleet, hath wilfully permitted several debtors of the crown in great sums of money, as well as debtors to divers of his majesty's subjects, to escape; hath been guilty of the most notorious breaches of his trust, great extortions, and the highest crimes and misdemeanours in the execution of his said office Rh