Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 02.djvu/241

 author with pleasure.’ Several members of his family on his father's side having already distinguished themselves in the study of the law, it was resolved to send him to Lincoln's Inn, where several of them ‘had anciently been and some of them there; but receiving some disgust at his entrance’ he was recalled thence and sent to travel abroad with the only son of Lord Arundel of Wardour, who was about his own age. The Arundels being staunch Roman catholics, while Atkyns was a protestant, each youth was accompanied by a tutor of his own faith. The party left Dover in October 1636 or 1637, and travelled, by way of Calais, to Douay, where they stayed some time at the English College; thence they set out, by way of Cambray and St. Quentin, to Paris. Before the winter was ended the three years' travel was abruptly terminated by the death of young Arundel, who, ‘getting a heat and cold at tennis,’ probably in Paris, died from fever at Orleans. Soon afterwards Atkyns returned to England and betook himself to country affairs. On the death of his father, in 1636, he succeeded to the family estates at the age of twenty-one. After the days of mourning for his father were ended, ‘he put off his hounds,’ came to London, ‘and kept his coach,’ and made his bow at court, where he was invited by the queen to assist at masques. He does not appear to have shone as a courtier, having, as he informs us, ‘found himself guilty of three imperfections, a blushing modesty, a flexible disposition, and no great diligence.’ These festive scenes at the court of Henrietta Maria were, however, soon to terminate in the turmoil of the civil war. In 1642 we find him engaged in raising a troop of horse for the king at his own expense. His first skirmish appears to have taken place with Sir William Waller at Little Dean near Newnham-on-Severn. In the following year he was engaged at Reading and Bath, also at the taking of Bristol and at the raising of the siege of Gloucester in September. For his loyalty to the royal cause his estate was sequestrated by the parliament. In 1646, however, both houses passed an ordinance pardoning his delinquency after imposing a fine of 140l. (Commons' Journal, 4, 530; Lords' ib. 9, 5b, 11b). After the Restoration he was made deputy-lieutenant for Gloucestershire, and was also re-appointed to an agency for the crown connected in some way with printing, a post which he appears to have held originally as early as 1631, as he had already involved himself ‘in several great and chargeable suites against the Company of Stationers at the cost of more than 1,000l.’

About 1660 there was discovered in the public library of Cambridge an early work, said to have been printed at Oxford in 1468, on the Apostles' Creed. Its title ran ‘Exposicio sancti Jeronimi in simbolum apostolorum ad papam Laurentium. Impressa Oxonie et finita anno Domini 1468,’ 4to (copy in Roy. Lib. Brit. Mus., show case viii. 15). Shortly after its appearance Atkyns printed and published an anonymous broadside entitled ‘The Original and Growth of Printing,’ with what object will be shown in the sequel. This was afterwards, in 1664, enlarged, with answers to objections, and published in his own name in quarto. It is to this broadside and its reprint that Atkyns owes his fame, and by means of which, it is supposed, he hoped to repair his shattered fortunes by proving that the right and title of printing belonged to the crown alone, and by securing for himself the office of patentee for the printing of law books. He first endeavoured to establish that printing in England began at Oxford; and that Stow, Sir Richard Baker, and Howell, in asserting that the art of printing was introduced into England in 1472, ‘do most erroneously agree together,’ although their error might have arisen ‘through the mistake of the first writer only.’ His discovery of the ‘Exposicio’ is his leading argument. ‘A Book came into my hands,’ he writes, ‘Printed at Oxford in 1468, which was three years before any of the recited authors would allow it to be in England.’ ‘The same most worthy Person,’ he continues, ‘who trusted me with the aforesaid Book, did also present him with a copy of a Record and MS. in Lambeth House, heretofore in his custody, belonging to the See, and not to any particular Archbishop of Canterbury, the substance wereof was (of which the following is an outline) “That Thos. Bouchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, moved the then King (Hen. VI) to use all possible means for procuring a Printing Mold” … to which the King readily harkened and committed the Management of the Design to Mr. R. Turnour … who took to his assistance Mr. Caxton.’ After having spent 1,500 marks in gifts and expenses they succeeded in bringing over from Harlem one of Cuthenburg's (sic) under-workmen, whose name was Frederick Corsells, or rather Corsellis, and brought him safe to London. It not being thought prudent to set him on work there, ‘Corsellis was carried with a guard to Oxford, which guard constantly watched, to prevent Corsellis from any possible escape till he had made good his Promise in teaching how to Print. So that at Oxford Printing was first set up in England.’ Atkyns naively adds that he