Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 01.djvu/321

Allen valuable information regarding the affairs of his diocese and the state of the churches.

[ Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, i. 76; State Papers of Henry VIII, vol. ii.; Calendar of State Papers, Henry VIII, vols. iii. to vii.; Campian's History of Ireland.]   ALLEN, or ALLIN, JOHN (1596–1671), one of the patriarchs of New England, was born in 1596. It is believed he was of Cambridge University, where he proceeded M.A. He is described by one not given to laudation as having been ‘a hard student, a good scholar,’ and it is added he was ‘an excellent preacher, a grave and pious divine, and a man of a most humble, heavenly, and courteous behaviour, full of sweet christian love to all.’ None the less was he exposed to the politico-religious persecutions of the times. Being ‘settled’ at Ipswich, he came under the ban of that high-church precisian and fanatic combined, Bishop Wren. He voluntarily left his ‘cure’ and removed to London, rather than be contentious. About the year 1637–8 he accompanied a band of the best of English Puritanism to New England, ‘being obliged to go on board the ship which was to convey him thither in disguise, in order to elude pursuit.’ In 1639 he was ‘chosen pastor of the [congregational] church of Dedham, Massachusetts,’ where he continued ‘much beloved and useful all the rest of his days,’ only now and again accompanying Eliot in his ‘labours’ among the Indians.

In 1637 a number of English divines, having had it bruited that their brethren on the other side were departing from the old landmarks in regard to ecclesiastical discipline and order, addressed to them a letter of inquiry in respect to what they called the ‘Nine Positions.’ The New-England divines answered the communication at great length, frankly acknowledging that on certain points their views had been modified. This in turn was replied to by John Ball on behalf of the English divines, and to this finally a very able and pungent answer was given by Allen along with Thomas Shepard, entitled ‘A Defence of the Nine Positions.’

Later, a protracted controversy agitated New England on the proper ‘subjects’ (or objects) of baptism. Allen was foremost in the fray, and published a vigorous ‘Defence of the Synod held at Boston in the year 1662.’ He was likewise associated with Shepard in a treatise on ‘Church Reformation.’

But Allen was more than a pastor and preacher. Though of rare patience and peacefulness, he could take a stand when called to it. Necessity was laid on him to do so very strongly and peremptorily. In 1646 an attempt which was made to bring the colonists into subjection to the British parliament produced passionate resistance. Allen was chosen to be the ‘voice’ of the colony, and he submitted a statesmanlike paper in ‘a manly and decided tone,’ marking the just limitations of colonial allegiance and imperial rights, and fully sustaining the colonists.

He was twice married. His first wife, Margaret, went over with him to New England. Shortly after her death he married his second wife Katharine, widow of Governor Thomas Dudley. He left three sons, and all over the United States to-day families are found to trace their descent from him. He died on 26 Aug. 1671. His bereaved congregation published his last two sermons: the one from Song of Solomon viii. 5, and the other from St. John xiv. 22. In their preface the editors denominate him ‘a constant, faithful, diligent steward in the house of God, a man of peace and truth, and a burning and shining light.’ These two sermons were some years since reprinted in a memorial volume, entitled ‘The Dedham Pulpit.’ Allen's name appears with reverent mention in Winthrop's ‘Letters and Journals.’

[Brook's Lives of the Puritans, iii. 456; Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 108–10; Wren, Parentalia, p. 96; Mather's Magnalia, b. iii. pp. 132–3; E. Worthington's Hist. of Dedham.]   ALLEN, or ALLEYN, JOHN (1660?–1741), physician and inventor, the date of whose birth is not positively known, was M.D., but of what university does not appear. He was admitted extra-licentiate of the College of Physicians of London 13 Sept. 1692; practised, and apparently died, at Bridgewater, Somersetshire. The very existence of this physician has, strangely enough, been called in question, even quite recently ( und, Biograph. Lexicon der Aerzte, Wien, 1884), and contemporary writers (, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Genevæ, 1731, i. 106, and , Dict. Historique de la Médecine, Mons, 1778, i. 95) believed the name under which his chief work, the ‘Synopsis Medicinæ,’ was published, to be a pseudonym (nom supposé), though it is quoted correctly in ‘Acta Eruditorum’ (Lipsiæ, 1720, p. 75). But there can be no doubt as to the identity of this author and Dr. Allen of Bridgewater. His portrait, engraved by Van der Gucht, ad vivum, is also extant to show that he actually existed. Allen published in 1719 ‘Synopsis universæ Medicinæ practicæ; sive doctissimorum Virorum de Morbis eorumque causis ac remediis judicia,’ a work which became