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 graphy.' In 1881 he started a monthly antiquarian magazine, the 'Palatine Note-Book,' which ran for just over four years and ceased with the forty-ninth number in 1885. He collected many works on stenography with a view to writing a history of that art, and he possessed a valuable library of antiquarian and general literature. In 1886 illness put an end to his studies and projects. He died at Manchester on 23 Aug. 1888, and was buried at Stretford church on 27 Aug. His collection of Fuller's sermons, completed and edited by Mr. W. E. A. Axon, was published in 1891.

His other works, irrespective of contributions to the Chetham Society, include: 1. 'Life of a Lancashire Rector during the Civil War,' 1877. 2. 'The Grammar School of Leigh,' 1879. 3. 'John Whitaker,' 1879. 4. 'John Dee and the Steganographia of Trithemius,' 1879. He edited reprints of 'Manchester Al Mondo,' 1880; Dee's 'Diary,' 1880; and John Byrom's ' Journal,' 1882.  BAILLIE-COCHRANE, ALEX. D. R. W. C, first, 1816–1890. [See ]  BAINES, EDWARD (1800–1890), journalist and economist, was born at Leeds on 28 May 1800, being the second son of Edward Baines [q. v.] by his wife Charlotte, daughter of Matthew Talbot, currier, of Leeds. His earliest education was received at a private school at Leeds. Thence he was removed to the protestant dissenters' grammar school at Manchester, known also as the New College, at which the eminent chemist, John Dalton [q, v.], was mathematical master. While at Manchester, in his fifteenth year, he became a Sunday-school teacher in the congregational chapel, and continued to teach in the Sunday-schools of his denomination until his election to parliament in 1859. In 1815 he entered the office of the 'Leeds Mercury' and became a reporter of public meetings. In this capacity; he was present on 16 Aug. 1819 at the 'Peterloo Massacre.' In 1818 he was promoted to the editorship of the paper, and from that time frequently contributed its leading articles. During some years he was actively engaged in self-education, especially in political economy and subjects of social interest. He visited the cotton mills, settlement, and school of David Dale [q. v.] and Robert Owen [q. v.], and attended lectures at the first mechanics' institute founded in London by Dr. George Birkbeck [q. v.] in 1824. Between 1825 and 1830 he frequently lectured in the towns of Yorkshire in favour of an extension of these institutions. He travelled in the north of England, producing in 1829 a 'Companion to the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire,' which passed through three editions. He next went abroad, visiting Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, and France. A literary memorial of this tour was 'A Yisit to the Vaudois of Piedmont,' published in 1855 (Travellers' Library, vol. vii.) While at Rouen he acquainted himself with the details of the French cotton industry, and published a letter in the 'Leeds Mercury' (13 May 1826) 'To the Unemployed Workmen of Yorkshire and Lancashire on the Present Distress and on Machinery.' The object of this address was to check the destruction of mills and looms which in 1826 was a common crime in the factory districts. Baines pointed out that while English workmen were destroying machinery their French competitors were improving it. The letter was so effective that it was circulated by the magistrates of Lancashire and Yorkshire.

On his return to England Baines threw himself into the various liberal movements of the day. He was one of the early advocates of the repeal of the corn laws, on which he wrote several pamphlets. He supported catholic emancipation (1829), and in 1830 first proposed, in a leading article in the 'Leeds Mercury,' the adoption of Brougham as candidate for Yorkshire [see and ]. In 1835 he published a 'History of the Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain,' still a standard authority. His activity in connection with mechanics' institutes bore fruit in 1837, when a West Riding Union of Mechanics' Institutes was formed, of which he became president, and which ultimately extended its operations to the whole of Yorkshire. He presided at the jubilee meeting of this organisation held in Leeds in June 1887. He was an advocate of a public education independent of the state, an attitude partly due to his nonconformist sympathies, but welcomed by many of the leading reformers of that day. His views were set forth in a number of pamphlets and in a series of 'Crosby Hall Lectures' on the progress and efficiency of voluntary education in England, published in 1848 (see also Essays upon Educational Subjects, ed. A. Hill, 1857). When the country was definitely committed to the principle of the endowment of elementary education by the 