Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Third Supplement.djvu/433

 (1878), The Gospel according to the Hebrews (1879), The Rights of an Animal (1879), A New Commentary on the Historical Books of the New Testament, vol. i, The Gospel according to Matthew (1881), Our new New Testament (1881), Jim Lord, a Poem (1882), New Homeric Researches, (1882), Jehan de Mandeville (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1883), John of Burgundy, alias ‘Sir John Mandeville’ (1884), The Bodleian Library in 1882–1887 (1888), The Pedigree of ‘Jack’ (1892), The North-Pictish Inscriptions (1893–1895), The Vernacular Inscriptions of the Ancient Kingdom of Alban (1896), ''Golspie. Contributions to its Folklore (1897), Sequanian (1898), The Man with Two Souls, and Other Stories (1898), French and English, a play (1899), Keltic Researches (1904), ‘Vinisius to Nigra’ (1904), Can we not save Architecture in Oxford? (1910), Early Bodleian Music'', vol. iii (1913). He also collaborated with Sir John Stainer in his works on early Bodleian music (1899, 1902).

Nicholson married in 1876 Helen Grant, second daughter of the Rev. Sir Charles Macgregor, third baronet, by whom he had three daughters.  NICHOLSON, WILLIAM GUSTAVUS,, of Roundhay (1845–1918), field-marshal, the youngest son of William Nicholson Phillips, of Leeds, by his wife, Martha, daughter of Abram Rhodes, of Wold Newton Hall, Yorkshire, was born at Roundhay Park, Leeds, 2 March 1845. His father had in 1827 assumed the surname and arms of Nicholson. He was educated at Leeds grammar school and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, where he was first of his term and Pollock medallist. He joined the Royal Engineers in 1865, and after a period at Chatham served at Barbados from 1868 to 1871, when he volunteered for service in India and was employed in the public works department and as assistant engineer in the Punjab irrigation branch. In 1873 he joined the military works department, becoming an executive engineer in 1877. Promoted captain, he accompanied the Kandahar force in 1878 and the Kuram field force in 1879 as field engineer, being present at the actions of Shutargardan and Charasia and greatly distinguishing himself in the defence of the Sherpur cantonment. In 1880 he marched with Sir Frederick Roberts's force from Kabul and took part in the relief of Kandahar and in the action of 1 September. For his services he was thrice mentioned in dispatches and received a brevet majority.

Returning to India, Nicholson was appointed secretary of the defence committee in 1880 and in 1882 served in the Egyptian expedition, taking part in the battle of Tel-el-Kebir. In 1884 he accompanied Sir Robert Groves Sandeman [q.v.] and Sir Charles Metcalfe MacGregor [q.v.] in an important reconnaissance in Baluchistan. From 1885 to 1890 he served as assistant adjutant-general, Royal Engineers, India, and was employed on the problem of the defence of the frontier and of the Indian ports. In 1886 he served in the Burmese expedition as assistant adjutant-general, being mentioned and receiving a brevet lieutenant-colonelcy. From 1890 to 1893 he was military secretary to Lord Roberts, then commander-in-chief in India, and afterwards served for two years in the military works department, during which time much was done to improve the defence of the North-West Frontier. In 1895 he became deputy adjutant-general, Punjab, and in 1897 served as chief of the staff with the Tirah expeditionary force. For his services he received the K.C.B. (1898) and on the conclusion of the campaign he became adjutant-general in India.

A year later came the crisis of the South African War, and Lord Roberts telegraphed to Nicholson to join him as military secretary: but he only served in that capacity for a month, being appointed in February 1900 director of transport. This service was being reorganized by Lord Kitchener; Nicholson dealt solely with transport, the supply service being separate. He took part in the operations in the Orange Free State, including those of Paardeberg, Poplar Grove, Driefontein, and the Vet and Zand rivers. After the capture of Bloemfontein, Nicholson again reorganized the transport. In the latter part of the year he took part in the Transvaal operations, including the capture of Johannesburg and Pretoria, and returned to England in November with Lord Roberts. For his services he received two mentions, the Queen's medal and five clasps, and promotion to major-general for distinguished services in the field. In 1901, Lord Roberts being commander-in-chief, Nicholson became director of military operations at the War Office. Under him were united the mobilization section of the adjutant-general's department, with the intelligence division. He remained at the War 407