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 approval, but when the Wyndham Act was passed (1903) he was one of the first to sell to his tenants. The land war being thus abated, he continued the resistance to Irish self-government and became first president of the Ulster Unionist Association. Failing health kept him out of the active struggle; but he made a last public appearance in 1912 at the Londonderry meeting in Sir Edward Carson's campaign, and he was acclaimed as author of Ulster's formula ‘We will not have Home Rule’. But he could not leave his bed that September to sign the Ulster covenant publicly, and on 3 January 1913 he died at 61 Green Street, Mayfair. His eldest son, James, Marquess of Hamilton, member for Derry city since 1900, succeeded him; and at the by-election thus caused the representation of Derry ceased to be unionist. The last Hamilton stronghold had fallen.

Essentially a great Irish territorial magnate who throughout his life fought a losing battle to preserve territorial power, the Duke was chiefly concerned with his home life at Baronscourt. Apart from Ireland his main interest lay in the British South Africa Company, of which he became president when Cecil Rhodes resigned after the Jameson raid.

The duke married in 1869 Lady Mary Anne Curzon, daughter of Richard William Penn, first Earl Howe, and had by her seven sons and two daughters.

 HAMILTON, RICHARD VESEY (1829–1912), admiral, was born at Sandwich, Kent, 28 May 1829, the younger son of the Rev. John Vesey Hamilton, vicar of St. Mary's church, Sandwich, by his wife, Frances Agnes Malone. He was educated at the Royal Naval School, Camberwell, and entered the royal navy in 1843, proceeding in the Virago to the Mediterranean. In 1850 he volunteered for service in one of the expeditions fitted out by the Admiralty in that year to search for the Arctic explorer, Sir John Franklin [q.v.]. He proceeded to the Arctic as mate in the Assistance, Captain (Sir) Erasmus Ommanney [q.v.]; and on his return was promoted lieutenant (1851). He at once volunteered for the next search expedition and was appointed to the Resolute, Captain (Sir) Henry Kellett [q.v.]. In charge of a sledge he was absent from the base for fifty-four days, traversed 663 miles, and discovered the northern end of Melville Island. When he once more reached England (1854), the Crimean War had broken out, and he served with the Baltic fleet from January 1855 to February 1856 in the steam sloop Desperate. He was then appointed to command the gunboat Haughty, and reached the Far East in time to participate in the second Chinese War. He played a brilliant part in the battle of Fatshan Creek on 1 June 1857, and Sir Michael Seymour affixed his name to a blank commander's commission which the Admiralty had sent out in recognition of that affair. Many years afterwards (1875) Hamilton received the C.B. as additional award for the same service.

In June 1858 Hamilton commissioned the Hydra for service off the west coast of Africa, but was ordered to the other side of the Atlantic, where he served in one ship or another almost continuously until 1868. On paying off the Hydra in 1862 he was promoted post-captain, and married in the same year. From 1868 onwards Hamilton saw service in home waters, and in 1875 was appointed captain superintendent of Pembroke dockyard, where he remained till promoted to his flag (1877). In 1878 he became director of naval ordnance; and from 1880 to 1883 he commanded off the coast of Ireland. After promotion to vice-admiral in 1884, he returned the next year to the China station as commander-in-chief. On the occasion of Queen Victoria's jubilee (1887) he was promoted admiral and was created K.C.B. On his return from China in 1888 he was appointed one of a committee of three whose report not only prepared the way for Lord George Hamilton's Naval Defence Act of 1889, but may be taken as the starting-point of modern naval policy. At the close of the year he joined the Board of Admiralty as second sea lord, and on the retirement of Baron Hood of Avalon a few months later, succeeded that officer as first sea lord (1889–1891). The most important transaction during Hamilton's term of office was the cession of Heligoland to Germany. Against this he entered an emphatic protest, but found that the Cabinet, before consulting him, had committed itself too far to draw back. In 1891 Hamilton became admiral president of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, where he served until 1894; in 1895 he received the G.C.B. and was put on the retired list.

During his retirement Hamilton devoted himself to literary pursuits. In 1896 he completed his book on Naval 237