Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Third Supplement.djvu/242

 Ginsburg’s biblical researches were by this time becoming known. He had received an honorary LL.D. degree from Glasgow University in 1868. In 1870 it was natural that he should be invited to be one of the original members of the Old Testament revision company. He thereupon moved to a new home at Binfield, Berkshire, in order to be in closer touch with Westminster and with the British Museum. In 1872, at the invitation of the British Association, he made an expedition to Trans-Jordania, in company with Canon [q.v.]. Their object was to follow up, by further researches, the discovery (1868) of the Moabite stone; but their efforts were unsuccessful.

In 1880 appeared the first of the four folio volumes of Ginsburg’s edition of The Massorah. This will long remain the standard work on the subject. Although its preparation occupied the greater part of his life, he regarded it not as an end in itself, but as the only sound foundation for the text of the Hebrew Old Testament. His revision of the text, The Old Testament in Hebrew, was published in 1894 (second edition, 1911). In this edition the minutiae of the vowel-points and accents were more strictly corrected in accordance with Jewish tradition than they had ever been before, but the progress made in the elucidation of the text was very small. Criticism has undergone great changes since Ginsburg began his work. It is now recognized that the Massoretic recension is not the original form of the text, that it embodies corruptions, and that the evidence of the early versions and of comparative philology must be taken into account. Moreover, the scrupulous quality of Ginsburg’s scholarship suffered to some extent from the defects of the rabbinical method in which he had been trained. As a pure Hebraist, however, he was unsurpassed in his knowledge of the language at all its periods. This was shown in his Hebrew translation of the New Testament (with the Rev. Isaac E. Salkinson), and in his editions of Elias Levita and Jacob ben Hayyim. In 1883 he reported upon the alleged fragments of Deuteronomy offered for sale to the British Museum by M. W. Shapira, and pronounced them to be forgeries [The Times, 27 August 1883].

Ginsburg delighted in the society of scholars, and his hospitality was unbounded. Among his more intimate friends were [q.v], whose great collection of bibles was always at his disposal, and  [q.v.], editor of The Times, who was a well-known Hebrew and Arabic scholar. Ginsburg’s interests and activities were, however, by no means exclusively academic. He was a keen liberal, a personal friend of Mr. Gladstone, and for many years closely associated with the National Liberal Club. He also sat regularly as a justice of the peace for Surrey and Middlesex. He made a great collection of pre-Reformation bibles, the bulk of which he bequeathed to the British and Foreign Bible Society. From his youth he had made a study of engravings, of which he possessed a large and valuable collection.

Ginsburg died at his house at Palmers Green, Middlesex, 7 March 1914. His portrait, painted in 1914 by A. Carruthers Gould, hangs in the National Liberal Club.

 GORDON, ARTHUR CHARLES HAMILTON-, first (1829–1912), colonial governor, was born at Argyll House, London, 26 November 1829. He was the youngest son of [q.v.], by his second wife, Harriet, daughter of the Hon. John Douglas, widow of James, Viscount Hamilton, and mother of the first Duke of Abercorn. He matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1847, and graduated M.A. in 1851. In the following year he became private secretary to his father, who was prime minister from 1852 to 1855, and with whom he always remained on terms of special intimacy and affection. From 1854 to 1857 he sat in the House of Commons as liberal member for Beverley. In 1858 he accompanied Mr. Gladstone, in the capacity of private secretary, on his visit to the Ionian Islands as lord high commissioner extraordinary.

Gordon’s work as a colonial administrator, which was to extend over a period of nearly thirty years, began in 1861 with his appointment as lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. Some account of his impressions of that country is to be found in Wilderness Journeys in New Brunswick, which he contributed to the volume edited by (Sir) Francis Galton, entitled Vacation Tourists and Notes of Travel in 1862–1863, published in 1864. In 1866 he became governor of Trinidad, where he remained until 1870; here he acted as host to Charles Kingsley during the latter’s visit to the West Indies, described in At Last. From 1871 to 1874 he was governor of Mauritius.  216