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 Universities Act of 1889, he became principal and vice-chancellor of the reconstituted university. He was knighted in 1907. It was his custom at St. Andrews on the opening of each session to address the students on some topic of academic or general interest, and in 1911, after a quarter of a century in office, these addresses were gathered into a volume, Addresses delivered in the University of St. Andrews from 1886 to 1910. In the same year, at the age of eighty, he presided with a simple dignity over the ceremonies and festivities with which the university celebrated the quincentenary of its foundation, and he continued to discharge all the duties of the principalship till within a few days of his death on 9 March 1915, Other works from his pen were Expiatory and Substitutionary Sacrifices of the Greeks (1875), The Westminster Confession of Faith and the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England (1905), and Woman: Her Position and Influence in Ancient Greece and Rome, and among the Early Christians (1906).

Donaldson was twice married and twice left a widower. His son, the only child of his first marriage, also predeceased him. He had no children by his second wife.

 DOUGHTY-WYLIE, CHARLES HOTHAM MONTAGU (1868-1915), soldier and consul, was born at Theberton Hall, Leiston, Suffolk, 28 July 1868, the son of Henry Montagu Doughty, of Theberton, by his wife, Edith, only daughter of David Cameron, chief justice of Vancouver, British Columbia. He won a scholarship at Winchester College, passed high into Sandhurst, and was gazetted in 1889 to the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He saw active service in India, on the Black Mountain or Hazara expedition of 1891, being severely wounded, and in 1895 he went through the Chitral campaign as transport officer on the staff of Sir [q.v.]. After garrison service in Malta and Crete he was seconded to the Egyptian army in May 1898, being attracted by the prospect of a Nile campaign, and, as brigade-major, he took part in the battle and capture of Khartoum, and in the subsequent operations against the Khalifa. In the Boer War he was again severely wounded while commanding a battalion of mounted infantry in the Wittebergen district. Going next with, his regiment to Tientsin, he raised and commanded a corps of mounted infantry in the China field force (1901), and subsequently he served for two years in Somaliland as special service officer.

Doughty married in 1904 Lilian Oimara, widow of Lieutenant Adams, Indian medical service, and daughter of John Wylie, of Westcliff Hall, Hampshire, whose surname he added to his own. He now sought political employment, and in September 1906 was appointed military consul for the Konia province of Asia Minor. Here again he proved his worth as a soldier. In 1909, after Cilicia had been added to his area, a revival of the Armenian pogroms, due to the general upheaval in the provinces which followed the first successes of the Committee of Union and Progress, caused an attempted massacre at Adana, where Doughty-Wylie was stationed. Donning his military uniform, he collected a half-company of Turkish regulars, and riding at their head through the town, beat back the infuriated mob from the Christian quarters. A stray bullet broke his right arm, but undeterred he again faced the mob when it returned to the attack, and taking virtual command of the town, saved its Christian communities. He is still, and long will be, gratefully remembered in Adana by Moslems and Christians alike. He received the C.M.G. and was promoted the same year (1909) to be consul-general at Adis Ababa in Abyssinia.

The Balkan War lured Doughty-Wylie back to Turkey in 1912. He became chief director of the Red Cross units on the Turkish side, and, with his wife to superintend the nursing staffs, organized two emergency hospitals in Constantinople. On the conclusion of the war he did not return at once to Adis Ababa, but served as British representative on the commission appointed to delimit the Greek and Albanian frontier, and became its chairman. For these services he received the C.B. In 1913 Doughty-Wylie returned to his consulate, but not for long. On the entry of Turkey into the European War (October 1914) he came back to England, and in February 1915 was attached, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, to Sir Ian Hamilton’s staff for the Gallipoli expedition. On the strength of his knowledge of Turkish, he begged leave to be among the first to land on the Gallipoli Peninsula, and embarked on the collier River Clyde which, on 25 April, was beached and landed half her troops with terrible loss. He remained on the bridge under fire during the day, and volunteered at nightfall to go ashore and explore the ground. At midnight he returned with valuable 160