Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 3.djvu/730

 8 Feb. 1898 Hardwicke moved the address in the House of Lords, and his graceful speech favourably impressed Lord Salisbury. In that year he became an active member of the London County Council, representing West Marylebone as a moderate. In June 1900 he carried a motion condemning the erection of the statue of Cromwell in the precincts of the house (, Diary of the Unionist Parliament, pp. 366, seq.). In November 1900 he was offered by Lord Salisbury the under-secretaryship for India. Hardwicke accepted the appointment on condition that he should not take up his duties until the following year, by which time arrangements could be made for his becoming a sleeping partner in his firm. In the debate on the address, however, Lord Rosebery, wishing to assert a public principle, while styling Hardwicke ‘the most promising member for his age in the House of Lords,’ animadverted on his connection with the Stock Exchange (4 Dec.). Eight days afterwards Hardwicke gave a manly and spirited explanation, setting forth the facts of the case and stating that immediately after Lord Rosebery's attack he had placed his resignation in Lord Salisbury's hands, who declined to accept it (Hansard, 4th series, vol. lxxxviii. cols. 804–806). From the India office he was transferred to the war office as under-secretary in August 1902, and he moved the second reading of the militia and yeomanry bill for creating reserves for those forces. Returning to the India office, again as under-secretary, in the following year, he moved in a lucid speech in 1904 the second reading of the Indian councils bill, setting up a department of commerce and industry (ibid. vol. cxl. cols. 498–502). Those best qualified to form an opinion thought highly of his abilities.

In early life he was a bold rider in steeplechases. In 1898 he became principal proprietor of the ‘Saturday Review.’

Hardwicke, who was a man of much personal charm, died suddenly at his house, 8 York Terrace, Regent's Park, on 29 Nov. 1904. A cartoon portrait by ‘Spy’ appeared in ‘Vanity Fair’ in 1901. He was unmarried, and was succeeded as seventh earl by his uncle, John Manners Yorke, formerly captain R.N., who had served in the Baltic and Crimean expeditions, and who died on 13 March 1909. The present and eighth earl is the eldest son of the seventh earl.

 YOUL, JAMES ARNDELL (1811–1904), Tasmanian colonist, born at Cadi, New South Wales, on 28 Dec. 1811, was the son of John Youl, a Church of England clergyman, by his wife Jane Loder. As a child he accompanied his parents to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), his father having been appointed in 1819 military chaplain at Port Dalrymple and first incumbent of St. John's, Launceston, in that colony. James Youl was sent to England to be educated at a private school near Romford, Essex, and returning to Van Diemen's Land took up his residence at Symmons Plains, a property he inherited on the death of his father in March 1827. There he became a successful agriculturist and county magistrate.

In 1854 he returned to England to reside permanently, and interested himself in Tasmanian and Australian affairs. From 1861 to 1863 he was agent in London for Tasmania, and for seven years was honorary secretary and treasurer of the Australian Association. In that capacity he was instrumental in inducing the imperial government to establish a mail service to Australia via the Red Sea, and in getting the Australian sovereign made legal tender throughout the British Dominions. He was acting agent-general for Tasmania from Feb. to Oct. 1888, and was one of the founders in 1868 of the Royal Colonial Institute, taking an active part in its management until his death.

But it is with the introduction of salmon and trout into the rivers of Tasmania and New Zealand that Youl's name is mainly associated. After patient and prolonged experiments and many failures he at length discovered the proper method of packing the ova for transmission on a long sea voyage, by placing them on charcoal and living moss with the roots attached, in perforated wooden boxes under blocks of ice, thus preserving the ova in a state of healthy vitality for more than 100 days.

In 1864 the first successful shipment to Tasmania was made. After some difficulty in obtaining ova and proper accommodation in a suitable vessel Messrs. Money Wigram & Sons placed 50 tons of space on the clipper ship Norfolk at Youl's disposal, and he was enabled to ship 100,000 salmon and 3000 trout ova in that vessel. The Norfolk arrived at Melbourne after a favourable voyage of 84 days. Some 4000 salmon ova were retained there, the remainder being transhipped to the government sloop Victoria and taken to Hobart. They were placed in the breeding ponds in