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 He then travelled in Africa and Australia. At length in 1865 he returned to Dublin to practise, specialising in obstetrics. In 1868 he became assistant-master of the Rotunda Lying-in Hospital, and in 1872 physician to the Hospital for Children. He was subsequently appointed master of the National Lying-in Hospital and obstetric physician and gynæcologist to the Mater Misericordiæ Hospital in 1878. In 1872 he was decorated by the French government for his share in raising the Irish Ambulance corps which served in the Franco-Prussian war, and was soon recognised in the United Kingdom and elsewhere as one of the foremost gynæcologists. He became F.R.C.S. (Edinburgh) in 18S2. He served as vice-president of the British Gynæcological Society (1878), as vice-president of Dublin Obstetrical Society (1878), as president of obstetric section of Royal Academy of Medicine of Ireland (1886), as honorary president of the first International Congress of Obstetrics and Gynæcology, held at Brussels in 1892, and as president of the obstetric section of the British Medical Association.

He died at his country house at Tinode, co. Wicklow, on 14 April 1902. In 1865 he married Mary Josephine, daughter of Thomas McDonnell Caffrey, by whom he had three sons and two daughters.

Madden was a voluminous writer, chiefly on medical subjects. Besides articles in medical journals and contributions to Quain's 'Dictionary of Medicine,' he published the following books, several of which ran through three editions, and were reckoned standard works: 1. 'Change of Climate in Chronic Disease,' 1864; 3rd edit. 1873. 2. 'The Spas of Belgium, Germany, France, and Italy,' 1867; 3rd edit. 1874. 3. 'Contributional Treatment of Chronic Uterine Disorders,' 1878. 4. 'Mental and Nervous Disorders Peculiar to Women,' 1883; 2nd edit. 1884. 5. 'On Uterine Tumours,' 1887. 6. 'Lectures on Child Culture, Moral, Mental and Physical,' 3rd edit. 1890. 7. 'Clinical Gynæcology,' 1893. He edited 'The Dublin Practice of Midwifery' and 'A Manual of Obstetric and Gynæcological Nursing,' 1893.

Madden wrote accounts of his father and family in 'Memorials of R. R. Madden' (1886); 'The Memoirs (chiefly autobiographical) of R. R. Madden' (1891); 'Genealogical, Historical, and Family Records of the O'Maddens of Galway and their Descendants' (1894).

 MAITLAND, AGNES CATHERINE (1860–1906), principal of Somerville College, Oxford, born on 12 April 1850 at 12 Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, was second daughter of David John Maitland of Chipperkyle, Galloway, by his wife Matilda Leathes Mortlock. Her father settled as a merchant in Liverpool when Agnes was five years old, and she was educated at home there in a presbyterian atmosphere.

Between 1880 and 1885 she studied cookery at the Domestic science training school in Liverpool, and from 1885 to 1889 acted as an examiner in cookery in elementary schools, and of teachers trained by the 'Northern Union of Schools of Cookery.' She was soon recognised as an authority on domestic economy. She wrote several cookery books, of which the most important are 'The Rudiments of Cookery: a Manual for Use in Schools and Homes' (35th thousand, 1910); the 'Afternoon Tea Book' (1887; 3rd edit. 1905); 'What shall we have for Breakfast?' (1889; 2nd edit. 1901). She also published between 1875 and 1889 some educative novels and tales suited to young girls.

Miss Maitland, who was keenly interested in the higher education of women, left Liverpool in 1889 to succeed Miss Shaw Lefevre as principal of Somerville Hall, Oxford. Her experience of public work and talent for administration and organisation proved of value to Somerville, which, founded in 1879 and incorporated as a college in 1881, retained the style of 'Hall' until 1894. During Miss Maitland's tenure of the principalship the number of students rose from thirty-five to eighty-six, and the buildings were proportionately extended. She developed the tutorial system with a view to making Somerville a genuine college and no mere hall of residence, and she urged the students to take the full degree course so as to prove their title to the degrees.

Although she was something of an autocrat, she worked in full harmony with her staff, won the complete confidence of the students, and showed faith in democratic principles. On her initiative a proportion of the council of the college was elected by duly qualified old students; while the latter were quite unfettered in their choice. Miss Maitland was always anxious that some of themselves should be on the council. A strong liberal in politics, and a broad-minded churchwoman (in spite of her presbyterian 