Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 2.djvu/383

 make the venture over to Mr. T. Fisher Unwin in 1882. From that year to 1888 he was literary adviser to the firm of Hurst and Blackett.

Japp was soon a versatile and prolific writer, often writing under pseudonyms as well as in his own name. In his own name he issued in 1865 ‘Three Great Teachers of our own Time: Carlyle, Tennyson, and Ruskin,’ of which Ruskin wrote to Smith Williams: ‘It is the only time that any English or Scotch body has really seen what I am driving at—seen clearly and decisively.’ As ‘H. A. Page’ he published ‘The Memoir of Nathaniel Hawthorne’ (1872; with several uncollected contributions to American periodicals); an analytical ‘Study of Thoreau’ (1878); and his chief book, ‘De Quincey: his Life and Writings, with Unpublished Correspondence’ (supplied by De Quincey's daughters) (2 vols. 1877; 2nd edit. 1879, revised edit. in one vol. 1890). In his own name Japp issued a selection of De Quincey's ‘Posthumous Works’ (vol. i. 1891; vol. ii. 1893) and ‘De Quincey Memorials: being Letters and other Records here first published’ (1891).

Japp's interest in Thoreau brought him the acquaintance of Robert Louis Stevenson. The two men met at Braemar in August 1881, and Japp's conversation attracted Stevenson and his father. Stevenson read to Japp the early chapters of ‘Treasure Island,’ then called ‘The Sea Cook,’ and Japp negotiated its publication in ‘Young Folks.’ Subsequently Stevenson and Japp corresponded on intimate terms; and Japp's last work, ‘Robert Louis Stevenson: a Record, an Estimate, and a Memorial’ (1905), was the result of the intercourse.

Japp essayed many forms of literature. Under a double pseudonym he issued in 1878 ‘Lights on the Way’ (by the late J. H. Alexander, B.A., with explanatory note by H. A. Page), a semi-autobiographical fiction. There followed ‘German Life and Literature’ (1880; studies of Lessing, Goethe, Moses Mendelssohn, Herder, Novalis, and other writers), and three volumes of verse: ‘The Circle of the Year: a Sonnet Sequence with Proem and Envoi’ (privately printed, 1893); ‘Dramatic Pictures, English Rispetti, Sonnets and other Verses’ (1894); and ‘Adam and Lilith: a Poem in Four Parts’ (1899; by ‘A. F. Scot’). Scientific speculation and observation are themes of his ‘Animal Anecdotes arranged on a New Principle’ (by ‘H. A. Page’) (1887), an attempt to show that the faculties of certain animals differ in degree rather than in kind from those of men; ‘Offering and Sacrifice: an Essay in Comparative Customs and Religious Development’ by ‘A. F. Scot’ (1899); ‘Some Heresies in Ethnology and Anthropology’ dealt with under his own name (1899); ‘Our Common Cuckoo and other Cuckoos and Parasitical Birds’ (1899), a criticism of the Darwinian view of parasitism; and ‘Darwin considered mainly as Ethical Thinker’ (1901), a criticism of the hypothesis of natural selection.

From 1884 till 1900 he lived at Elmstead, near Colchester, where he cultivated his taste for natural history. After three years in London he finally settled at Coulsdon, Surrey, in September 1903. There, busy to the last, he died on 29 Sept. 1905, and was buried in Abney Park cemetery. His temperament was almost morbidly sensitive, but he was generous to young authors. When past fifty he taught himself Hebrew. He left in manuscript a work on Hebrew rites and customs, as well as a study of social life in the middle ages.

Japp married (1) in 1863 Elizabeth Paul (d. 1888), daughter of John Falconer of Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire; (2) Eliza Love, of Scottish descent. By his first wife he had seven children, three of whom, a son and two daughters, now (1912) survive.

In addition to ‘H. A. Page’ and ‘A. F. Scot,’ he wrote under the pseudonyms ‘E. Conder Gray’ and ‘A. N. Mount Rose.’ In 1857 [q. v. Suppl. II] painted his portrait, which is in the possession of the family.

 JARDINE, ROBERT, first baronet (1825–1905), East India merchant and racehorse owner, born on 24 May 1825, was the seventh son of David Jardine of 