Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 2.djvu/353

 18 Dec. 1910, and was buried in Astbury churchyard, Cheshire. A momorial tablet was unveiled at Astbury Church by Lieut.-general Sir Edward Hutton on 8 Oct. 1911. Besides the works mentioned and articles in periodicals, he published: 1. 'Swordsmanship for the Use of Soldiers,' 1866. 2. 'Swordsmanship and Bayonet Fencing,' 1867. 3. 'The Cavalry Swordsman,' 1867. 4. 'Bayonet Fencing and Sword Practice,' 1882. 6. 'A Criticism of the Infantry Sword Exercise,' 1895. 6. 'Sword Fighting and Sword Play,' 1897. 7. 'Examples of Ju-Jitsu for Schoolboys.'

Hutton's fine collection, of fencing and duelling literature, with some admirable specimens of Oriental sword-cutlery, he bequeathed to the Victoria and Albert Museum.

Hutton was often painted, usually in ancient or modern fencing costume. A portrait by John Ernest Breun, entitled 'Cold Steel,' won the gold medal at the Paris Salon in 1892, and is reproduced in Hutton's book so named (1889). Another portrait by W. Howard Robinson, foil in hand and mask under arm, was reproduced in 'The Field,' 25 June 1910; a caricature by 'Jest,' rapier in hand, was in 'Vanity Fair,' 13 Aug. 1903.

 HUTTON, FREDERICK WOLLASTON (1836–1905), geologist, born on 16 Nov. 1836 at Gate Burton, Lincolnshire, was second of the seven sons (and ten children) of Henry Frederick Hutton, rector of Gate Burton, and afterwards of Spridlington, near Lincoln (where he inherited an estate from a godfather). His mother was Louisa, daughter of Henry John Wollaston, rector of Scotter, a relation of William Hyde Wollaston [q. v.]. Wealth came to the father's family through his great-grandfather, Thomas Hutton, a lawyer at Gainsborough, whose son purchased Gate Burton Hall for the family seat, with the advowson of the rectory. Frederick's eldest brother, Henry Wollaston (b. 1835), is prebendary of Lincoln; his youngest brother, Arthur Wollaston (1848-1912), was rector of St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside.

Frederick, educated at Southwell and the Naval Academy, Gosport, served for three years in the Indian mercantile marine. Afterwards he entered King's College, London, and in 1855 obtained a commission in the 23rd royal Welsh fusiliers, becoming lieutenant in 1857 and captain in 1862. He saw service in the Crimea 1855–6; and in the Indian Mutiny he shared in the capture of Lucknow and in the defeat of the Gwalior mutineers by Sir Colin Campbell, afterwards Lord Clyde [q. v.], receiving medals for both campaigns. In 1860–1 he passed with distinction through the Staff College, Sandhurst, and thenceforth his interest in scientific studies rapidly developed.

In 1866 Hutton sold out of the army, and the following January emigrated with his family to New Zealand. As a colonist on the Waikato he was hardly successful, but in 1871 he was appointed assistant-geologist to the New Zealand geological survey and removed to Wellington. In 1873 he left that town for Dunedin on being appointed provincial geologist of Otago and curator of the museum. In 1877 he became professor of natural science in the Otago University. In 1890 he went to Christchurch as professor of biology and geology in the university of New Zealand, but resigned that post in 1893 for the curatorship of the museum. In March 1905 he revisited England, after an absence of thirty-nine years. On the return voyage, near Cape Town, he died at sea (where he was buried) on 27 Oct. 1905.

Besides geology, Hutton had a good knowledge of ornithology and ethnology; and many of the skeletons of the extinct moa (Dinornis) now in Europe were obtained by him. In addition to thirteen official catalogues and reports, he wrote more than a hundred scientific papers, the majority contributed to the 'Transactions of the New Zealand Institute.' Eight appear in the 'Quarterly Journal' of the Geological Society (London), among them being a valuable description of the Tarawera district, shortly after the great eruption in 1886. He was also the author of a 'Classbook of Elementary Geology' (1875); of 'Darwinism and Lamarckism, Old and New' (1899); and 'Index Faunæ Novæ Zealandiæ' (1904); and was joint author of 'Nature in New Zealand (1902) and 'Animals of New Zealand ' (1904). In 1902 he published 'The Lesson of Evolution,' a series of essays, which at the time of his death he had enlarged and almost rewritten. This was printed for private circulation in 1907, but deserves to be more widely read. His last article, written while in England, on