Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 2.djvu/214

 and later of London. Her father, after coming to London, joined the Society of Friends; her mother died when she was under two years old. Intimacy with the Gurneys led to her assisting Elizabeth Fry [q. v.] in her work of visiting prisons; her elder sister, Mary, who became the wife of Sylvanus Fox, was already engaged in the like service. The sisters also took part in the anti-slavery movement. In 1826 Elizabeth married, as his second wife, Cornelius Hanbury, of Plough Court, Lombard Street, chemist, member of the old-established firm, now Allen & Hanburys Ltd. He was first cousin to the Gurneys of Earlham. His first wife was Mary, only child of William Allen [q. v.], his partner. By him she was mother of two children, a son, Cornelius, and a daughter, Charlotte.

Mrs. Hanbury was acknowledged a minister in the Society of Friends in 1833. With her husband she resided successively at Bonchurch, Stoke Newington, and on Blackdown Hills near Wellington, Somerset. Her husband died at The Firs, Blackdown, in 1869. Eighteen years later his widow moved with her daughter to the house of her son, Cornelius, at Richmond. She retained her clearness and activity of mind till the end of her long life, being keenly interested in the prison work of her daughter (see below) and in the missionary labours of two daughters of her son, Elizabeth and Charlotte Hanbury, in China and India. During May 1900, when in her 108th year, she sent a message to the Friends' yearly meeting in London, and afterwards through the Dowager Countess of Erroll forwarded a greeting to Queen Victoria from 'her oldest subject.' Mrs. Hanbury died at Dynevor House, Richmond, Surrey, on 31 Oct. 1901, aged 108 years 4 months and 3 weeks. She was buried at Wellington. Her portrait was painted in her 100th year by Percy Bigland, and now belongs to Lady Hanbury (widow of her husband's great-nephew) of La Mortola, Ventimiglia. A replica is in the possession of Mrs. Hanbury's son. Only four or five other British subjects have on authentic evidence died at the same advanced age. Since her death three persons have been certificated to die at a greater age.

The daughter, (1830–1900), prison reformer, born at Stoke Newington on 10 April 1830, taught as a girl in ragged schools and visited the poor. On Blackdown she established several schools and mission rooms. She travelled largely in Europe and had friends in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy. In 1889 she commenced a series of visits to Morocco with a view to ameliorating the lot of Moorish prisoners. She established a Moorish refuge in Tangier and travelled in the interior of the country. At her death at Richmond, Surrey, on 22 Oct. 1900, she committed the care of the Tangier mission to her cousin, Henry Gurney. Her autobiography, a remarkable record, was edited by her niece, Mrs. Albert Head, in 1901.

 HANBURY, JAMES ARTHUR (1832–1908), surgeon-general, born at Somerstoun House, parish of Laracor, near Trim, co. Meath, on 13 Jan. 1832, was one of the fourteen children of Samuel Hanbury, a large landowner, by his wife Louisa, daughter of Charles Ingham, rector of Kilmessan and Kilcool, Co. Meath. A brother, William, also in the army medical service, was with the 24th regiment when it was annihilated at Chillianwallah in 1849, assisted Florence Nightingale [q. v. Suppl. II] in establishing the hospital at Scutari, and was in charge of Netley Hospital until his death. Another brother. Fleet-surgeon Ingham Hanbury, R.N., after distinguishing himself at Tel-el-Kebir (mentioned in despatches and the bronze decoration and C.B.), died on his way to India in 1884.

Hanbury graduated M.B. from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1853. He entered the army medical service as an assistant surgeon on 30 Sept. 1853; was promoted surgeon on 20 Feb. 1863; surgeon-major on 1 March 1873; brigade surgeon on 27 Nov. 1879; deputy surgeon-general on 5 May 1881; surgeon major-general on 14 June 1887, and retired from the service on 13 Jan. 1892. He was elected an honorary F.R.C.S. Ireland on 19 July 1883 and F.R.C.S. England, on 14 April 1887 (his diploma of membership being dated 23 Feb. 1859).

Hanbury was quartered for some years at Halifax, Nova Scotia, before he was sent to China and thence to India. He served with the Bazar valley expedition in the Afghan war of 1878–9, and was present during the march from Kabul to the relief of Kandahar. He was under fire in the battle of 1 Sept. in that campaign, was mentioned in despatches, received the medal and clasp, the bronze decoration, and the C.B. (1881). He was principal medical officer under Lord