Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 1.djvu/480

 rough, time 'in the employment of Mr. Edward Smith of South Hatch, who was associated with 'Bell's Life,' and raced his horses in the name of Mellish.

Custance's first important victory was gained on Rocket in 1858 in the Cesare witch which he won again in 1861 on Audrey The following year he attached himself to the Russley stable, then under the management of Matthew Dawson, and that season rode over forty winners. In 1860 he rode Thormanby to victory in the Derby. This was the first of three successes he scored in that race, the others being on Lord Lyon in 1866 and on George Frederick in 1874. In the Derby of 1861 he rode Dundee, who, breaking down during the race, was second to Kettledrum. He had a mount in the Derby for twenty consecutive years. Custance won the One Thousand Guineas on Achievement in 1867, and his solitary success in the St. Leger was gained on Lord Lyon in 1866. His last winning mount was on Lollypop in the All-Aged Stakes at the Newmarket Houghton meeting in 1879. As a jockey he was bold and resolute, had good hands, and was a fine judge of pace. After his retirement from the saddle he long remained a familiar figure on the race-course. He held for many years a licence as deputy starter to the Jockey Club, and was also official starter to the Belgian Jockey Club. Living at Oakham, he regularly hunted with the Quorn and Cottesmore packs. He has always a cheerful and amusing companion, and published 'Riding Recollections and Turf Stories' in 1894, with a dedication to the duke of Hamilton, a good patron during his riding career. He died of a paralytic seizure at 53 New Walk, Leicester, on 19 April 1908. His will was proved for 8081l.

 CUTTS, EDWARD LEWES (1824–1901), antiquary, born on 2 March 1824, at Sheffield, was son of John Priston Cutts, optician, by Mary, daughter of Robert Waterhouse. He was educated at Sheffield Collegiate School and graduated B.A. at Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1848. Being ordained in the same year, he was curate successively of Ide Hill, Kent, until 1850, of Coggeshall, Essex, until 1857, and of Kelvedon until 1859, and was perpetual curate of Billericay until 1865. He had already acted also as local organising secretary of the Additional Curates Society, and on leaving Billericay became general secretary of the society in London, resigning in 1871, on presentation to the vicarage of Holy Trinity, Haverstock Hill.

In 1876 Cutts was selected by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York to visit the East and inquire into the position of the Syrian and Chaldean churches; his report resulted in the formation of the Archbishop's Mission to the Assyrian Christians. He described his travels in ‘Christians under the Crescent in Asia’ (1887). Although accepting the ecclesiastical views of the high church party, he was sympathetic with every school of thought within the church. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of the South, U.S.A.

Cutts long devoted himself to archæology and the study of ecclesiastical history. In 1849 he published ‘A Manual for the Study of the Sepulchral Slabs and Crosses of the Middle Ages.’ This was followed in 1853 by ‘Colchester Castle not a Roman Temple,’ and in 1872 by ‘Scenes and Characters of the Middle Ages,’ a series of articles contributed originally to the ‘Art Journal’; in 1888 by ‘Colchester,’ in Freeman and Hunt's series of ‘Historic Towns’; in 1893 by ‘History of Early Christian Art’; and in 1898 by ‘Parish Priests and their People in the Middle Ages in England.’ Among his works on Church history are ‘Turning Points of English Church History’ (1874); ‘Turning Points of General Church History’ (1877); ‘A Dictionary of the Church of England’ (1887); ‘A Handy Book of the Church of England’ (1892); and ‘Augustine of Canterbury’ (1895) in Methuen's ‘English Leaders of Religion.’ The most notable of his religious works are ‘A Devotional History of Our Lord’ (1882) and ‘Some Chief Truths of Religion’ (1875), which was translated into Swahili and printed at the Universities Mission Press at Zanzibar in 1895. From 1852 to 1866 he was honorary secretary of the Essex Archæological Society and editor of its ‘Transactions.’

Cutts died at Holy Trinity Vicarage, Haverstock Hill, on 2 Sept. 1901, and was buried at Brookwood cemetery, Woking. He married on 23 April 1846 Marian, daughter of Robert Knight of Nottingham, and by her had ten children, seven of whom survived him. Mrs. Cutts died on 14 Dec. 1889. 