Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 1.djvu/466

 St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. In 1858 he was appointed clerk of assize on the Chester and North Wales circuit, a post which he held for forty-three years, rendering the judges during that long period valuable aid in their criminal work by virtue of his experience and judgment. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 6 June 1863. He died on 15 March 1904 at Churt near Farnham, and is buried there. He married on 8 Nov. 1870 Lucy Henrietta, daughter of John Romilly, first Lord Romilly [q. v.], and had two sons.

During a long illness (1858–9), Crompton read Comte's ‘Philosophie Positive’ and became an ardent positivist. He met Professor Beesly in 1864, and thenceforward took an active part in the positivist movement. In his later life he was chief assistant to Dr. Richard Congreve [q. v. Suppl. I] at the Church of Humanity, Chapel Street, becoming leader after Congreve's death in 1899. There he gave many addresses on religion, philosophy, history, and public affairs. Some were published as pamphlets. A paper on Rabelais (Positivist Review, June 1910) is a good example of the range and breadth of his thought.

Crompton sedulously applied his principles to public questions. He was always active to protest against international injustice and the oppression of weaker races. He served on the Jamaica committee, formed to prosecute Governor Eyre in 1867; worked for the admission of women to the lectures at University College; was untiring in efforts for the improvement and just administration of the criminal law; and gave a strenuous and useful support to the trade unions in their struggle to reform the labour laws. When bills affecting trade unions were before parliament, ‘his technical knowledge and skill were invaluable and were ever placed unstintedly and disinterestedly at the service of labour’ (, Northumberland Miners' Monthly Circular for March 1904). In recognition of his services he was made in 1868 a member of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners. In 1876, being at that time referee to the board of arbitration and conciliation for the Nottingham lace trade, he published ‘Industrial Conciliation,’ to which Mr. and Mrs. Webb refer as ‘the classic work’ on the subject (Industrial Democracy, p. 223, note). It was translated into French. Crompton's ‘Letters on Social and Political Subjects,’ reprinted from the ‘Sheffield Independent,’ were published in book form in 1870, and after his death some papers by him were collected under the title ‘Our Criminal Justice,’ with an introduction by Sir Kenelm Digby (1905); the book gives an accurate account of the English system of criminal procedure. A volume of ‘Selections of Prose and Poetry by Henry Crompton’ was issued by his widow in 1910.

 CROSSMAN, SIR WILLIAM (1830–1901), major-general, royal engineers, born at Isleworth, Middlesex, on 30 June 1830, was eldest son of Robert Grossman of Cheswick House, Beal, and Holy Island, Northumberland, by his wife Sarah, daughter of E. Douglas of Kingston-on-Thames. After education at Berwick-on-Tweed grammar school and Mr. Jeffery's at Woolwich, he entered the Royal Military Academy at the head of his batch in January 1847. He received a commission in the royal engineers as second lieutenant on 19 Dec. 1848. After professional instruction at Chatham and duty at Woolwich, Grossman was employed on the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851, and next year was sent to Western Australia, to superintend the construction of public works by the convicts [see, Suppl. II]. He was a police magistrate for the colony and a visiting magistrate for the ticket-of-leave stations, being stationed principally at Albany in King George's Sound and at Perth, the capital of the colony. He was promoted first lieutenant on 17 Feb. 1854. His services were commended by the governor, but the exigencies of the Crimean war necessitated bis recall in February 1856.

After employment at Aldershot and Chatham he joined the war office for special duty under the inspector-general of fortifications, and was engaged in surveys and designs for new defences of dockyards and naval bases, for which parliament had just sanctioned a loan. Several of the sea defences of Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, of Hilsea lines and the detached forts of the Gosport advanced line, of the Verne Citadel at Portland, and Scraesdon and Tregantle Forts at Plymouth, were subsequently his work. Meanwhile he was promoted second captain on 12 Aug. 1858 and first captain on 5 Feb. 1864; was a member of the committee on the equipment of coast batteries (Jan. 1860); went to Canada (Dec. 1861) to aid in 