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 on pathology for ten years, on medicine jointly with Sir William Broadbent [q. v. Suppl. II] and Dr. David Bridge Lees for ten years, and on clinical medicine for twelve years. For St. Mary's medical school he did much good service, helping to found scholarships and encouraging the athletic clubs. In 1898 he gave over 1000l. to endow a Cheadle prize (value 20l.) and a gold medal for an essay on clinical medicine. As a teacher he was best at the bedside with senior students and qualified men. In treatment he relied on experience and intuition, and while always careful to ease his patients in their suffering, put faith in nature and time as healing agents. In 1869 he had also been appointed assistant physician to the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, where his active work on the staff terminated in 1892, when he became honorary consulting physician. During his twenty-three years' service at the Children's Hospital he endowed the 'Cheadle' cot in memory of his first wife. It was among children that his private practice mainly lay, and his chief writings dealt with children's health and ailments.

Cheadle was the first (1877) to define the nature of a then mysterious disease in childhood characterised by pain and tenderness of the limbs, haemorrhages, and swelling of the gums. He ascribed the disease to artificial foods that possessed no anti-scorbutic properties, giving it the name of 'infantile scurvy.' The pathology of the disease was afterwards worked out by Sir Thomas Barlow (Lancet, 1878, ii.). A valuable series of lectures on the proper way to feed infants, in the post-graduate course at St. Mary's Hospital and at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, were published under the title 'On the Principles and Exact Conditions to be observed in the Artificial Feeding of Infants; the Properties of Artificial Foods; and the Diseases which arise from Faults of Diet in Early Life' (1889; 5th edit., ed. by Dr. F. J. Poynton, 1902). Cheadle also published 'The Various Manifestations of the Rheumatic State as exemplified in Childhood and Early Life' (1889). It contained the Harveian lectures delivered before the Medical Society in 1888. Cheadle maintained that the true type of acute rheumatism is that which occurs with manifold and serious symptoms and complications in childhood, and not the less severe affection of adult life.

A radical in politics, Cheadle was one of the early supporters in face of much professional opposition of the claims of medical women, and was one of the first to lecture at the London School of Medicine for Women. He visited Canada with the British Association in 1884, and contracted dysentery which permanently injured his health. He died on 25 March 1910 at 19 Portman Square, London, and was buried in Ocklynge cemetery, Eastbourne. He was married twice: (1) on 31 Jan. 1866, to Anne, youngest daughter of William Murgatroyd of Bankfield, near Bingley, Yorkshire; and (2) on 4 Aug. 1892, to Emily, daughter of Robert Mansel, of Rothbury, Northumberland, inspector of Queen Victoria's Jubilee Institute for Nurses. Both wives predeceased him. Four sons by his first wife survive him. Tall and of heavy build, he was dignified and reserved in manner, but won the confidence of his many child patients. A portrait painted by George Henry, R.S.A., presented to Cheadle on his retiring from the active staff of St. Mary's Hospital, now hangs in the library of St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, to which it was bequeathed. There is also a portrait on china in the possession of Cheadle's son Walter.

 CHEETHAM, SAMUEL (1827–1908), archdeacon of Rochester, was the son, by Emma Mary Woolston his wife, of Samuel Cheetham, farmer, of Hambleton, Rutland, where he was born on 3 March 1827. Educated at the neighbouring grammar school of Oakham, he matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1846. He graduated B.A. in 1850, being a senior optime and eighth in the first class of the classical tripos, and was elected to a fellowship at his college. He proceeded M. A. in 1853 and D.D. in 1880. Meanwhile in 1851 he became vice-principal of the Collegiate Institute, Liverpool, and, being ordained deacon in 1851 andlpriest in 1852, was licensed to the curacy of St. Mary, Edgehill. In 1853 he returned to Cambridge to serve as tutor of Christ's College till 1858. He was curate of Hitchin, Hertfordshire (1858-61), and was vice-principal of the Theological College at Chichester (1861-3), at the same time acting as curate of St. Bartholomew's. In 1863 he was appointed professor of pastoral theology at King's College, London, where for nineteen years he did excellent work.

Cheetham was associated with Sir William Smith [q. v.] as editor of the 'Dictionary 