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 Haileybury, 1828–9 : went to India, 1830, to the N.W.P. : transferred to the Panjab, 1849 : Commissioner of Jhelum : wounded in arresting Nadir Khan of Mandla : suppressed revolt in Hazara, 1857 : Judicial Commissioner of the Panjab, 1888 : C.B., 1860 : retired, 1862 : died Dec. 10, 1893.

THORNTON, SIR JAMES HOWARD (1834–)

Son of Major John Thornton : educated at King's College, London, and University of London : M.B. : M.A.C.S., 1855 : entered the Indian Medical Service, 1856, and retired as Surg-General, 1891 : served in the Indian mutiny, 1857–9 : China war, 1880 : Khasia and Jantia Hills, 1862–3 : wounded, in the Bhutan war : Egyptian expedition, 1882 : Suakin expedition as P.M.O., 1885 : Hazara expedition, 1888 : C.B. : author of Memories of Seven Campaigns : K.C.B., 1904.

THORNTON, THOMAS HENRY (1832–)

I.C.S. : born Oct. 31, 1832 : son of Thomas Thornton : educated at Merchant Taylors' and St. John's College, Oxford Fellow of St. John's College, 1855–62 entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1856 served in the mutiny : Secretary to Panjab Government, 1864–76 : Officiating Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1876–7 : Judge of Chief Court, Panjab, 1878–81 : Member of Governor-General's Legislative Council, 1878–81 : Fellow of Calcutta University : C.S.I. : author of ''Life and Work of Colonel Sir Robert Sandeman. General Sir Richard Meade, Account of the City of Lahore'', etc.

THORNTON, WILLIAM THOMAS (1813–1880)

Born Feb. 14, 1813, son of Thomas Thornton : educated at Ockbrook : be came a clerk in the E. I. House, 1836, and first Public Works Secretary there, 1858 : C.B., 1873 : wrote largely on economical questions : friend of John Stuart Mill : also published Indian Public Works and Cognate Indian Topics, 1875 : and a paper on Irrigation regarded as a Preventive of Indian Famines : died June 17, 1880.

THUILLIER, SIR HENRY EDWARD LANDOR (1813–)

Born July 10, 1813 : son of John Pierre Thuillier : educated at Addiscombe : entered the Bengal Artillery : appointed to the Survey of India, 1836 : Superintendent of Revenue and Topographical Surveys of India, 1847–78 : Surveyor-General of India, 1861–78, when he retired : C.S.I., 1872 : K.B., 1879 : General : F.R.S.

THUILLIER, SIR HENRY RAVENSHAW (1838–)

Born March 26, 1838 : son of General Sir H. E. L. Thuillier (q.v.) : educated at Wimbledon and Addiscombe : entered Bengal Engineers, 1857, and retired as Colonel, 1895 : joined the Survey of India Department, 1859 : Surveyor-General of India, 1886–95 : K.C.I.E., 1895.

TILLARD, JOHN ARTHUR (1837–)

Born Sep. 13, 1837 : son of Philip Tillard : educated at Brighton College and Trinity College, Cambridge : entered the Bengal Artillery, 1857, and became Maj-General, 1891 : served in the Afghan war, 1878–80, at Ahmad Kheyl, in the march from Kabul to Kandahar, and battle of Kandahar : Brevet-Lt-Colonel : Burma expedition, 1886–7 : C.B. : retired, 1895.

TIPPOO, SULTAN (1753–1799)

Born 1753 : commanded a part of his father Hyder All's Army in the second Mysore war with the English : the death of his father was kept concealed until Tippoo could, from Malabar, rejoin the Army : he defeated General Matthews at Bednore and put him and others to death : he besieged and took Mangalore, and made a treaty with the English in March, 1784, regaining Canara and Malabar : he attacked Coorg, 1785 : in 1786 he called himself "Padshah," a king : he fought against the Nizam and the Mahrattas, and made peace with them in 1787 : he sent envoys to Turkey and France, with little success : in Dec. 1789 he attacked Travancore; was repulsed at first, but afterwards inflicted great damage : Cornwallis allied with the Mahrattas and the Nizam against Tippoo, who held his own against General Medows, but lost Malabar :<section end="Tippoo, Sultan" />