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 who died in 1845. She contested the validity of her husband's will, under which the E. I. Co had taken possession of his estates, and it was declared null and void. She spent the greater part of her large income munificently on charities and public purposes. The Government of India recognized her liberality (which became a proverb) and public spirit, made her Rani, and Maharani (1871), and in 1878 a Member of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India. She died in Aug. 1897.

SWINLEY, GEORGE (1842–)

Entered the Bengal Artillery, 1860, and became Maj-General, 1895 : served in Bhutan expedition, 1865–6 : Black Mountain expedition, 1868 : Jowaki-Afridi expedition, 1877–8 : Afghan war, 1878–80, Brevet-Major and Lt-Colonel : C.B., 1893.

SYDENHAM, THOMAS (1780–1816)

Entered the Madras Army : was Assistant Private Secretary to Lord Mornington (Marquis Wellesley) in 1799 : Resident at Hyderabad, 1806–10 : Charge d'Affaires at Lisbon, 1811 : appointed Minister Plenipotentiary at Lisbon, 1815 : died at Geneva, 1816.

SYDENHAM, WILLIAM (1752–1801)

In the E.I. Co.'s service : joined the Madras Artillery, as Lieutenant, in 1768 : at the time of the war with Tippoo, the Artillery was divided into two battalions, and Major Sydenham was promoted to the command of the 1st battalion : became Maj-General : died June 13, 1801.

SYKES, PERCY MOLESWORTH (1867–)

Educated at Rugby and Sandhurst : a great athlete : entered the Army, 1888 : travelled constantly in India, Kashmir, Ladak, Persia, Beluchistan, etc. : founded the Consulate of Kerman and Persian Beluchistan : served in South Africa in command of Welsh Imperial Yeomanry : inventor of Sykes' patent tent and sleeping valise : C.M.G. for services in Persia, 1902 : author of Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, 1902, and of many papers for learned Societies.

SYKES, WILLIAM AINLEY (1859–)

Entered the Indian Medical Service, 1882, and became Lt-Colonel, 1902 : served at Suakin, 1885 : in Burma campaign, 1886–8 : Zhob Valley expedition, 1890 : Waziri expedition, 1894 : Malakand, 1897 : Buner expedition, 1897 : China expedition, 1900 : Administrative Medical Officer, N.W. Frontier Province : D.S.O., 1887.

SYKES, WILLIAM HENRY (1790–1872)

Colonel : son of Samuel Sykes : born Jan, 25, 1790 : entered the E. I. Co.'s Bombay Army in 1804 : was present at Bhartpur under Lord Lake, 1805 : served intheDekkan, 1817–20 : and commanded native troops at the battles of Kirki and Poona : was employed by the Bombay Government as Statistical Reporter from 1824 until he left India in 1831 : wrote a number of reports, statistical, on Natural History, etc. : retired as a Colonel in 1833 : was a Royal Commissioner in Lunacy, 1835–45 : became Director of the E. I. Co. in 1840 : Chaurman in 1856 : in 1854 he was Lord Rector of the Aberdeen University : M.P. for Aberdeen, 1857–72 : F.R.S. : Member of the Royal Asiatic Society. President of it in 1858 : as also, in 1863, of the Statistical Society, and of the Society of Arts. In Bombay he advocated education for the natives, and, in Parliament, urged the rights and privileges of the Indian Army : he was the author of numerous works on scientific and literary questions, and contributed largely to the transactions of learned Societies on the ancient history, antiquities, statistics, geology, natural history and meteorology of India : died June 16, 1872.

SYM, JOHN MUNRO (1839–)

Born Feb. 15, 1839 : son of Rev. John Sym of the Free Church : educated at Edinburgh High School and University : entered the Bengal Army, 1858, and became Maj-General, 1896 : served on N.W. Frontier : at Umbeyla, 1863 : Hazara, 1868 : in Afghan war, 1878–80 : Brevet-Lt-Colonel : Hazara, 1888, in command of 1st Brigade : C.B. : Miranzai, 1896, in command of 1st Brigade.<section end="Sym, John Munro" />

<section begin="Symes, Sir Edward Spence" />SYMES, SIR EDWARD SPENCE (1862–1901)

I.C.S. : son of E. S. Symes, M.D. : educated at University College School and University College, London : went out to<section end="Symes, Sir Edward Spence" />