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 educated at Perth and St. Andrew's University : joined the 33rd Bengal Infantry, 1856 : and, later, Probyn's Horse, the nth Bengal Lancers : in the mutiny, was at the capture of Lucknow : was appointed to the Panjab Commission by John Lawrence : in charge of Dera Ghazi Khan district, 1866 : negotiated the treaty with the Khan of Kelat, 1876 : C.S.L, 1877 : Agent to Governor-General for Beluchistan, 1877–92 : K.C.S.L, 1879 : he had immense influence with the Khan of Kelat and the Beluchi tribes, and initiated a new frontier policy of influence rather than of non-interference : he was described as the "kind of man who made empires" : died Jan. 29, 1892.

SANDFORD, JOHN DOUGLAS (1833–1892)

I.C.S. : son of Venerable Archdeacon Sandford : educated at Rugby and at Trinity College, Oxford : Scholar : first class Moderations and in the Final Classical school : to India in 1856 : served in the N.W.P. : Judicial Commissioner of Burma and of Mysore : left India, 1882 : retired, 1884 : died June, 1892.

SANDHURST, WILLIAM MANSFIELD, SECOND BARON (1856–)

Born Aug. 21, 1855 : son of first Baron Sandhurst (q.v.) : educated at Rugby : entered the Army, 1873, and retired shortly after : Under Secretary for War, 1886, 1892–4 : Governor of Bombay, 1895–9 : G.C.I.E. : G.C.S.I.

SANDHURST, WILLIAM ROSE MANSFIELD, FIRST BARON (1819–1876)

Born June 21, 1819 : son of John Mansfield and grandson of Sir James Mansfield : educated at the R.M.C., Sandhurst : joined the 53rd regt., 1835, with which he went to England : in the Satlaj campaign, at Badiwal, Aliwal, and at Sobraon was A.D.C. to Sir Hugh Gough : commanded his regt. in the Panjab campaign, 1848–9 :,was at Gujarat : Lt-Colonel, 1851 : saw service on the Peshawar frontier, 1851–2 : was military adviser to the British Ambassador at Constantinople, 1855 : Consul-General at Warsaw, 1856 : in the mutiny of 1857 was Chief of the Staff to Sir Colin Campbell : Maj-General in the relief and siege of Lucknow, at Cawnpur, in the campaign of Rohilkund and Oudh in 1858, at Bareh, and other actions : K.C.B. : refused the command in China, 1860 : C. in C, Bombay, 1860–5 : Lt-General, 1864 : C. in C. in India, 1865–70 : during which time a court martial was held on Jervis, a member of the personal Staff: K.C.S.L, 1866 : G.C.S.I., 1866 : G.C.B., 1870 : commanded in Ireland, 1870–5 : made Lord Sandhurst, 1871 : General, 1872 : D.C.L., 1870 : took a prominent part in the debates on the organizing and reconstruction of the military system. He wrote On the Introduction of a Gold Currency in India, and had considerable talent in financial matters, whereas his right to be regarded as a great soldier has been questioned : died June 23, 1876.

SANKEY, SIR RICHARD HIERAM (1829–)

Born March 12, 1829 : son of Mathew Sankey : educated at Addiscombe : en-tered Madras Engineers, 1846, and became Lt-General, 1884 : Superintendent of the East Coast Canal, 1856–7 : in the mutiny on special duty at Allahabad : Field Engineer at Cawnpur : Senior Engineer Officer with the Gurkha Force under Jang Bahadur : recommended for the V.C. : at the capture of Lucknow : Chief Engineer in Mysore, 1864–77 : deputed to Victoria to report on waterworks, 1871 : Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, 1877 Commanding Engineer in S. Afghanistan under Sir D. Stewart, 1878–9 : Chief Engineer and Secretary P.W.D., Madras, 1879, and Member of Legislative Council, Madras : Fellow, Madras University, 1881 : resigned P.W.D., 1883 : retired from Army, 1884 : Chairman of Board of Works, Ireland, 1884–96 : K.C.B., 1892.

SARASVATI, DAYANANDA (1827–1883)

Of a Brahman family in Morvi in Kattia war : of the Siva sect : studied Sanskrit and the Vedas : left his family, went to Benares, and the banks of the Nerbudda river : became a Sanyasi and acquired his name (as above) : studied Yoga ascetic philosophy at various places : went to Abu, Hardwar, Srinagar, to the Northern Himalayas, in search of the sages, called Mahatmas : was at Meerut in 1880 : held public disputations all over India : at first he had regarded the Vedas as divine revelations : these views he modified.