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 1832 : became a Privy Councillor, and Member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 1843 : Railway Commissioner, 1846 : Member of the Board of Trade, 1848 : Assistant Controller of the Exchequer, 1851–62 : Civil Service Commissioner, 1855, and President of the Commission in 1862 : and its guiding spirit : Vice-Chancellor of the University of London, 1871–4 : Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1847–75 : F.G.S., and F.R.S. : died Aug. 22, 1875 : author of some legal works.

SACHAU, CARL EDUARD (1845–)

Phil. Dr.: born July 20, 1845, at Neumlinster, Schleswig-Holstein : son of Claus Jacob Sachau : studied at Rendsburg, Kiel, Leipzig and Berlin : catalogued the Persian MSS. in the Bodleian Library, 1869 : Professor of Semitic Languages at Vienna, 1869–76 : Professor of Oriental Languages at the Royal University, Berlin, from 1876 till now : since 1887 Director of the Seminar for living Oriental Languages at Berlin : has travelled much in different parts of Asia, and is well known as a Semitic scholar : his great work in relation to India is his Arabic edition of Alberunis India, an account of the civilization of India about A. D. 1030 (published 1887, followed by an English edition of the same (1888) : has also published Indo-Arabische Studien, dealing with the same period : since 1887, a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin : Doctor of Letters, honoris causa at Oxford : Member of the Academies of Vienna and St. Petersburg : Hony. M.R.A.S. : of the American Oriental Society : of the London Society for Biblical Archaeology.

SAHAI, JWALA (1838–)

Born 1838, of the Kayastha Mathur caste : son of Lala Kripa Krishna, employe in the Ulwar State : educated at Ulwar and at the Government College, Delhi : Tutor and Private Secretary to the Raja of Khetri, and Civil and Criminal Judge there, 1859–70 : in the Bhartpur State, 1870–9, as Superintendent, P.W.D. : Civil and Criminal Judge, and Private Secretary to the Maharaja : in the Oodeypmr State, 1879–80, as Boundary Commissioner : in the Jaipur State, 1880–8 : as Mir Munshi of the State Council, Census Superintendent of the State, 1881, Nazim(Collr-Magte) in the Malpura Nizamat : in the Jhalawar State, 1889–95 as Census Superintendent 1891, and as Accountant and Comptroller : and again in Bhartpur, 1895–1905, as Nazim and District Magistrate and President of the Municipal Board : translated Aitchison's Treaties into Urdu : wrote the Annals of Rajputana in Urdu : and in English the History of Bhartpur : Deeg, its History and Palaces, The Loyal Rajputana, a record of the services of the Rajputana chiefs to the British Government during the mutiny; and has in the press a History of Rajputana from the time of the advent of the British into Rajputana : was for some time President of the Jaipur Theosophical Society : constantly employed on inter-State disputes : retired from service on Aug. 3, 1905.

SALAR JANG, NAWAB SIR (1829–1883)

Statesman : his real name was Mir Turab Ali Khan : born Jan. 1829, son of Mir Muhammad Ali Khan : a scion of a noble family settled in Hyderabad : his grandfather and great-grandfather had been in the service of the Nizam as Ministers of State : educated privately, and took service under the State : in May, 1853, on the death of his uncle, Suraj-ul-mulk, Prime Minister of Hyderabad, he was called on to administer its affairs as Prime Minister. He disbanded large bands of Arab troops, subdued robber chieftains, and put down lawlessness : refilled the Treasury, which was almost empty : during the mutiny of 1857 he rendered invaluable services to the Indian Government, and, through his influence. Central India and the Dekkan and Hyderabad remained loyal : he sent timely warning to the Residency, when it was threatened with attack. From 1859 to 1869 intrigues were on foot to depose him, and on two occasions his life was attempted. During the lifetime of the Nizam Afzal-ud-daula, he was hardly a free agent. In 1869, on the death of the Nizam, he was made a co-Regent of the State, during the minority of the successor. In 1876 he visited England, in the hope of obtaining the restitution of the Berars, which was the ambition of his life. On his return to India he continued to administer the affairs of the State till his death from cholera, on Feb. 8, 1883. His sudden death was attributed to poison, but there