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 the 45th Bengal N.I., and known as Rattray's Sikhs : commanded them through the mutiny : Brevet-Major : Assistant-Adjutant General, 1878 : died Oct. 21, 1880 : C.B. : C.S.I.

RAVENSCROFT, EDWARD WILLIAM (1831–)

I.C.S. : educated at Ottery St. Mary, and Haileybury, 1848–50 : entered the Bombay Civil Service, 1851, and retired in 1884 : served as President of the Municipality, Bombay : Collector-Magistrate : Chief Secretary to Government, Bombay : Memberof the Commission for investigating charge against the Gaekwar of Baroda : C.S.I. : Member of the Bombay Council 1879–84.

RAVENSHAW, JOHNGOLDSBOROUGH (1777–1840)

I.C.S. : born Nov. 14, 1777 : son of John Goldsborough Ravenshaw, writer in the E.I. Co.'s service, 1796 : Collector in S. Canara districts, 1800 : Collector of S. Arcot, 1805 : in charge of revenue of Cuddalore and Pondicherry, 1809 : to home, 1813 : out of the service, 1818 : Director of the E. I. Co., 1819 : Chairman of the Court, 1832 : devoted much attention to Haileybury College, and to the settlement of the E. I. Co.'s charter of 1833 : died June 6, 1840.

RAVERTY, HENRY GEORGE (1825–)

Born May 31, 1825 : son of Peter Raverty, of Tyrone co., Surgeon, R.N. : his grandfather was O' Raverty : educated at Falmouth and Penzance : entered the E. I. Co.'s 3rd Bombay Infantry, 1843 : Major, 1863 : retired, 1864 : at the siege of Multan, 1848 : in the Panjab campaign, 1849–50 : at Gujarat : in the first frontier expedition, 1850, against tribes on the Swat border : wrote, and illustrated, an account of the District of Peshawar, 1849–50 : Assistant Commissioner in the Panjab, 1852–9 : highly proficient in Oriental languages : wrote a Pushto grammar 1855 : a thesaurus of Hindustani-English technical terms, 1859 : Pushto prose and poetical selections : Pushto-English dictionary : Afghan poetry, 16th to 19th century, with English translation : Esop's Fables in Pushto : Translation of the Tabakat-i-Nasiri, i.e. a general history of Muhammadan dynasties in Asia, 810–1260, A.D. : Notes on Afghanistan and Beluchistan, 1888 : numerous articles on geography, history, and ethnology in the J.A.S.B., 1854–1905 : engaged on a History of Herat and its Dependencies and Annals of Khurasan from its Conquest by the Muhammadans, and three other works on Eastern History.

RAWLINSON, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1806–1888)

Son of John Rawlinson : born July 10, 1806 : educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge : called to the bar at the Middle Temple, 1831 : Recorder of Portsmouth : and in 1847 of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore, and Malacca : knighted, 1847 : Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Madras. 1849–59 : died March 28, 1888.

RAWLINSON, SIR HENRY CRESWICKE, BARONET (1810–1896)

Born April 11, 1801, son of Abram Tyzack Rawlinson : educated at Wrington and Ealing : went to Bombay in the E. I. Co.'s military service, 1827, Sir John Malcolm (q.v.) being a fellow-passenger : learnt Persian and the vernaculars : served in Persia, to discipline the Persian troops, 1833–9 : Political Assistant to Sir W. Macnaghten at Kabul : Political Agent at Kandahar : at the battle there, May 29, 1842 : with Nott retired to India via Kabul : C.B. : Political Agent in Turkish Arabia, 1843 : Consul-General at Bagdad, 1844 : deciphered the Persian cuneiform inscription of Darius Hystaspes at Behistun, 1846 : made great explorations and excavations in Babylonia and adjacent countries : returned to England, 1855 : K.C.B., 1856 : Lt-Colonel : Director of the E. I. Co. : M.P. for Reigate, 1858 : Member of the Council of India. 1858–9 : Minister to Persia, 1859–60 : M.P. for Frome, 1865–8 : Member, again, of the Council of India from 1868 for the rest of his life : G.C.B., 1889 : Baronet, 1891 : President of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1878–81, and its Director, 1862–95 : President of the Geographical Society, 1871–2, and 1874–5 : and of the Oriental Congress in London, 1874 : D.C.L. : LL.D. of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and a Member of several Foreign Academies : Trustee of the British Museum : died March 5, 1895 : wrote constantly in the